541 
As it was, all but two spores were killed. These two (a and b), 
having alighted in the midst of large areas free from poison, were 
able. to grow to their full extent. 
Facts WORTH KNOWING. 
The moral of this teaching, is therefore, never spray until the 
drops of the poisonous liquid drip down frcm the foliage; but 
spray rapidly, coming back on your steps spraying again rapidly, 
and again once more, allowing time for the liquid to evaporate in 
the interval. No more liquid will be used in spraying the area of 
ground to be protected by this method, whilst the time employed in 
spraying will be practica‘ly the same in each case, while the result 
will be widely different. 
Two or three sprayings, at a fortnight’s interval, are better than 
only one, and one spraying better than none. Spraying early in the 
season is much more efficacious than later. 
Trees will sometimes be injured by being sprayed on a very 
hot and windy day ; the best time to spray is either on a dull day, 
early in the morning, or, better still, towards the evening. If 
necessary, spray at any time except at blossoming time, and within 
three or four weeks of the fruit being sufficiently ripe for gathering. 
Arsenical and copper mixtures are poisonous, and operators 
should therefore be particularly careful that the spray does not 
accidentally get carried over to themselves or their assistants. 
Other sprays are not poisonous, but offensive ; and those using them 
will instinctively keep clear of them. 
Whenever the spray pump has been used, and before it is put 
away for use next day or on a future occasion, it should be emptied, 
and scrupulously cleaned by running fresh water through it. The 
suction and delivery hose are unscrewed and drained. After dry- 
ing the pump as far'as possible, it should be carefully oiled, with 
neatsfoot oil preferably ; kerosene oil is not so good ; while vegetable 
oil is least to be recommended. A spray pump or a sulphurer well 
looked after will last for many years, and do the work most effi- 
ciently. 
Never keep copper mixtures and solution standing in iron tanks, 
as it corrodes the iron, but use copper or wooden vessels. 
Kerosene, carbon bi-sulphide, and mineral oils will perish india- 
rubber. 
Keep the Paris green locked up, as it is poisonous ; the same 
caution will apply to the other chemicals, generally speaking. 
Be ready and begin early. 
PLANT FUMIGATION. 
The fumigation of trees by means of hydrocyanic acid gas was 
more popular a few years ago. Its operation requires some skill 
and experience as the gas is one of a highly dangerous character. 
Tts destroys friends and foes alike, and on that score does as much 
