557 
Curt Lear (Exoaseus deformans, Eckl.).—Sometimes simply 
called the ‘curl’? owing to the leaves becoming distorted and 
crumpled, early in the season. After a time a delicate whitish 
bloom, caused by the spores of the fungus, show on the surface. 
The young shoots are also at times swollen and distorted by the 
fungus. 
Spring infections of peach leaves are due to spores of the fungus 
and not to perennial mycelium as formerly held, hence the efficacy 
of sprays. Treatment one season will not prevent the disease the 
following year. Orchards in damp situations are more subject to 
curl leaf than those in dry regions or elevated situations. 
When the attack is bad, the trees at times lose their leaves 
before midsummer, and later on a fresh lot of healthy leaves grow ; 
but in the meanwhile much damage has been done to the trees. 
A single winter spray with Bordeaux or with Burgundy mixture 
will prevent the disease upon even the most susceptible tree. 
Some varieties, such as Flat China, Lovell, Elberta, Royal 
George peaches are more subject to this disease ; few are wholly 
free. In the treatment from 95 to 98 per cent. of the spring foliage 
may be saved by spraying. 
An allied disease of the plum, called ‘“‘ Pocket Plums” or 
‘*Bladder Plums,” is caused by the fungus Hxoaseus pruni, Eckl., 
and should be treated in a like manner. 
Brown Rot.—This disease is described above. It is caused 
by a mould or fungus, called Monilia fructigena, which attacks 
various parts of the plant, leaves, blossoms, twigs, and fruit. 
CHtorosIs is due to the inability of the plant to take up suffi- 
cient amount of iron necessary for the production of chlorophyle. 
Impaired vitality is the cause and may be brought about by fungoid 
diseases of the roots or by bad soil conditions leading to an accumu- 
lation of deleterious substances such as: too large a proportion of 
magnesia relatively to lime; excessive marliness or defective 
aeration of the soil which may be stiff and clayey, or water logged 
about the roots, in fact all the conditions found associated with 
Die Back and the Twig Blight. 
Sulphate of iron mixed with the soil, and good manuring have 
done much good, but the cause must be removed and amended. 
Die Back is often connected with parasitism from the Armil- 
laria fungus on the roots which also causes Pourridie on the vines 
(vide page 565). On several occasions I have had good results 
from a liberal dressing of sulphate of iron in the winter, followed 
by liberal stable manuring with superphosphate added in the 
spring and good cultivation in the summer months. Die Back is 
seldom seen on deep loamy soil well provided with humus. See 
notes in Twig Blight, Fire Blight, and Chlorosis. 
Gumuine, Sour Sap, on Diz Back.—There are many diseases 
characterised by a gummy outflow from the diseased parts or from 
