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Remedies.—Burn leaves as soon as they fall. Bordeaux Mix- 
ture, half strength, applied several times during the season, 
beginning as soon as the leaves appear. 
Cirrus TREES. 
Trees of this species are subject to a number of diseases, the 
most serious of which are— 
GumMine, CottarR Rot, Mat pr Goma.—A serious contagious 
disease of stone fruit and citrus trees. (pp. under twig blight 
and gumming of stone fruit.) It seems to be a cracking in 
the bark and an exudation of the gum, which runs down the tree 
and affects the bark underneath. Abrasion of the bark with the 
hoe, plough, and other field implements, deep planting, defective 
irrigation, and water standing round the trunk favour the disease ; 
also sun scorch and late cold weather, which hurts the shoots. 
The disease is an obscure and serious one, and has not yet 
been thoroughly investigated. Supposed to be produced by a 
microscopic fungus (the Corynewm Beijirincht) which develops in the 
vegetal cells and change into gum the cells which constitute the 
pith, as well as those of the medullary rays, and sometimes also the 
woody tissues. In mild cases, recovery has followed the cutting out 
of the bark and gouging out the dark decayed wood underneath 
with a half-moon chisel until the sound wood is reached, which is then 
coated over with shellac paint or some other protective cover, pre- 
ferably an antiseptic one, such as carbolic acid solution. Burn all 
diseased bark. Affected trees are profuse bearers for a season or 
‘two, and then generally die out. If a spot where the gum is oozing 
out is cut out in diseased trees, a dark channel is seen underneath, 
extending generally from the root to the top of the tree, following 
fibro vascular bundles of wood tissue; this wood is sometimes 
dry (and so hard that no sap could flow through its vessels) or 
rotten and decayed. In the majority of cases, the best plan is to 
root up and burn the tree. It is often propagated by secateurs. 
Sterilise the blade at frequent intervals in flame. 
MELANOSE must not be confused with the disease called Rust 
or Maori. The numerous small madder-brown spots characteristic 
of ths disease have (says Dr. Cobb) a tendency to group themselves 
in curved lines, which run together and form larger patches. Both 
Maori (caused by a mite) and Melanose at times occur together on 
the same orange. The leaves are attacked as well as the fruit. 
Remedies.—As soon as the new crop has set, begin spraying 
with Bordeaux Mixture of weak strength, and keep on spraying, if 
necessary, every fortnight until the fruit is half grown. The addi- 
tion of a little soap will cause the spray to wet the citrus leaves 
better. Paint the trunk and limbs with a thin whitewash, or with 
full strength Bordeaux Mixture. Apply to the ground under each 
