565 
The winter treatment is by far the most efficacious in the case 
of Black Spot, and the varieties most subject to it should be par- 
ticularly attended to, viz., Carignane, Grenache, CHillade, Clair- 
ette (syn. Blanquette), Aramon, among wine grapes and Blue 
Portuguese, Black ae Wortley Hall, Flame Tokay, Red 
g Malaga, Sultana, among table and 
drying grapes, and several other 
white table-grapes ; the Muscats ; 
and amongst the American grapes, 
V. Rupestris and V. Riparia. 
The thread-like portions of 
the fungus: hyphe and mycelial 
threads penetrate and feed on the 
tissues of the vine, during the 
growing period. As the vine 
becomes dormant, these threads 
thicken and give rise to the winter- 
ing form, or sclerotie spores which 
lie at the base of the buds and in 
the cracks of the wood, hence the 
winter spray and swab. When 
growth is resumed in the spring 
these spores germinate on the 
young shoots, their hyphe or feed- 
Anthracnose or Black Spot. ing portions penetrate into the 
tissue and ‘‘black spot ”’ occurs. 
The treatment by the acid-iron swab chars them. The application 
will not hurt the eyes but will delay the budding a few days. Done 
too early it will not kill the winter germs ; if too late, it will injure 
the shoots. Later on in the summer the outward growth of the 
fungus may be attacked by means of copper sprays. 
Remedies.—Sulphate of iron wash after pruning. Burn the 
trimmings after pruning. After the leaves open, use sulphur, lime, 
and powdered green copperag Should the disease persist in spite 
of the winter treatment, it is recommended to dust the vines two or 
three times, at a week’s interval, with cement and sulphur mixed in 
equal proportions, or with superphosphate of lime or with lime and 
sulphur. To protect trellis wires against the corroding action of 
the sulphuric acid, run a brush dipped in tar along the wires. 
Movutpy Root (PourRIDIE).—This disease is named from the 
French word pourrir, to rot. It is caused, as in many cases of Die 
Back and Sour Sap, by the Armillaria fungus. It is difficult to 
eradicate. In this disease the roots are covered with a white mould 
which causes them to rot, the consequence being, first, a falling off 
in the yield per acre, and, finally, the death of the vine. The symp- 
toms of the disease are those of general weakness and debility. The 
canes grow thinner and thinner, the leaves, smaller and, after a 
