569 
The ripening does not progress satisfactorily, and when fermented, 
the juice produces a nasty wine with a mouldy taste or flavour, and 
one which does not keep well. 
Varieties most attacked by’ oidiwm, and cultivated in Australia, 
are :—Albilio, Carignane, the Cabernets, Chasselas, Black Ham- 
burgh, Gouais, the Muscats, Clillade, Pedro Ximenes, Riesling, 
Roussanne (White Hermitage), Shiraz (Black Hermitage), Tokay 
(Green Hungary), Trebbiano (Ugni Blanc), Verdeilho, and a great 
many table grapes. 
Varieties not much attacked.—Aramon, Dolcetto, Grenache 
(Roussillon), Mataro (Mourvédre), Marsanne (White Shiraz), Dora- 
dille, the Pinots (Burgundy), Sauvignon, Morrastel, Aspiran. 
Varieties.—Malbec, Beclan, Catawba, and Isabella, two varie- 
ties of an American vine (V. Labrusca), and, in fact, most American 
vines. 
Sulphur is the readiest cure for oidium. The finer the sulphur 
the better, and for that reason ‘“‘precipitated’’ sulphur is sup- 
posed to have greater virtues than either “‘ ground ”’ or ‘‘sublimed ” 
sulphur. 
Washing soda (carbonate of soda) is also said to give fair re- 
sults in 2 per cent. solution, ¢.¢., 2lbs. in 10 gallons on Powdery 
Mildew of the vine and also that of the rose bushes, peach tree, 
gooseberry, apple, cucumber, pears and strawberries. 
Moist, warm, and damp weather favours the growth of the 
fungus, and at the same time checks the formation of sulphur 
fumes. Great heat, such as occurs in the summer, kills the blight. 
It is best to sulphur in the morning, when the leaves are still 
damp with dew, and before the high winds begin to blow. The 
presence of dew, however, is not essential to a good dusting. Sun 
heat is essential ; if the weather is cooler than 70 degs. sulphur has 
not much effect, but it is not advisable to sulphur in too hot weather 
when the temperature is above 95 deg., as burning and scald stains 
are likely to result. The months of November and December 
are, with us, the most suitable for sulphuring, and in later districts 
it is even practised in January. 
Sulphuring, to be efficacious, must be used as a preventive 
remedy. If it is delayed until the formation of the fruits of the 
fungus (perithicia) it does not act so readily, as the seeds of the 
blight plant (ascospores) are then more resistant than are the grow- 
ing mycelial threads of the fungus. 
The sulphuring is best done with the aid of specially made 
sulphur bellows. Some simply put the crushed sulphur into a 
sugar bag and shake it over each vine, but this method is wasteful 
of the sulphur, and does not distribute it so effectively as do the 
bellows. 
In persitent cases, and in districts favourable for the growth 
of the fungus, as many as four sulphurings are given, but generally 
