577 
The apparatus consists of a hand-pump connected with a 
fire-box in which a charcoal or dry cow dung fire burns. Over this 
a spoonful or two of a mixture consisting of three parts of arsenic 
and one part of flour-of-sulphur is spread ; the lid is closed and the 
pump worked, The fumes are conducted through a flexible iron 
hose with a nozzle that is placed in one of the galleries, After a 
few minutes, white fumes are seen to escape from unnoticed open- 
ings in the ground ; these openings are blocked with damp clay. 
The hot poisonous fumes kill the insects both by contact or by leaving 
along the galleries a film of poison which subsequently kills the 
pest and renders the nest unfit for a fresh invasion for some time 
after. The poisoned insects are also devoured by stragglers and 
thus the arsenic is transmitted right through the nest. 
Other fumigators, viz., the “Bosker” and the “ Snuff-out ” 
carbon fumigators, are now advertised for sale in Perth. They 
are primarily designed for rabbit-destruction in the warrens by 
carbon fumes, and are fitted with patent fire-grate for burning the 
fumigating mixture and with flexible steel tubing for conveying 
the gas from the fumigator to the underground gallery. The 
fumes are not dangerous in the open air. 
A number of other methods, more or less successful, have been 
found useful, and in view of the fact that the white ants are so bad 
in the North provinces, I will enumerate them as they appear 
in my notes. 
1. Watering, irrigation, and cultivation reduce the attacks. 
The majority of the species abhor disturbance. 
