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about and drops down, usually by a fine silken thread ; when 
about to pupate it spins a loose silken cocoon generally close to 
the mid-rib, the cocoon is so slight that the pupa can always be 
seen through it. The moth is a small slaty-grey insect with 
diamond-shaped white marks along the middle of the folded 
wings ; it is readily attracted to light. All over Australia the 
larve are very severely parasitised by a small Ichneumon wasp, 
and so numerous are specimens of this insect that it is doubtful 
if 20 per cent. of Plutella larve ever becomes moths. The larva 
of the parasite is a small legless maggot which, when full-fed. 
constructs a small cocoon within that of the larva it has 
destroyed. The larve of Plutella have numerous other enemies, 
amongst which may be mentioned two species of Syrphus flies, two 
Chalcids, and several predaceous bugs. 
Some years ago two additional species of useful parasites have 
been introduced into this State. 
Remedy.—Spray with Nos. 11, 13, or 19, or sprinkle with Paris 
green, loz., in flour or lime, 5lbs. 
Another species of moth (Hvergestis rimosalis), the larve of 
which does much damage to cabbage and cauliflower and also 
turnips, is also found in this State. The moth is a pretty yellow, 
with the front wings irregularly spotted and striped with chocolate 
and pater yellow markings. No parasites have been bred from the 
larve. 
Remedy.—Spray with Paris green, loz. in flour or lime 5lbs.. or 
spray with Nos. 11, 13, or 19. 
CasE-Motus or Bac-Worms. 
Fruitgrowers are familiar with the little inverted cone-shaped 
cases which are to be found hanging to the branches and twigs of 
their trees. There are two kinds which attack apple and pear trees, 
and the cases should be pulled off and destroyed, as the caterpillars 
contained in them are responsible for many of the disfiguring marks 
to be found both on fruit and leaves. They are night workers, and 
remain suspended by a silken thread during the day. The cases 
are beautifully constructed out of the little bits of wood and leaves 
fastened together by a strongly woven silken material secreted by 
the insect. In some places they are most abundant. 
Remedy.—Hand pick and burn. 
A large number of larve of butterflies and of moths are de- 
stroyed by soldier bugs, which are beneficial Heminoptera insects. 
They pierce the bodies of the grubs with their beak and suck them 
dry. 
