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4. Wormy fruits often colour and show signs of ripening a 
fortnight or more before healthy ones, and they will frequently 
drop. Soon after they strike ground, and often within a day or so, 
the concussion will urge the grub to come out. 
5. When the grub has made its exit a noticeable hole is seen 
on the fruit. 
How to Fight the Codlin Moth. 
1. The first essential of a successful attack against the codlin 
moth—and, for the matter of that, against all manner of plagues, 
blights, and pests—is concerted action. 
2. Where an outbreak first takes place in a clean country or 
district, the readiest and most reliable way of stamping it out is the 
starving out method. This, when carried out in an energetic man- 
ner, is unquestionably the best means of coping with an outbreak. 
3. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Never 
use second-hand fruit cases. 
4, The life-history sketch of the moth indicates that each 
female moth is good for 80 eggs or more, half of which are females. 
It thus becomes apparent that every worm, or every moth, destroyed 
at the beginning of the season is worth a great number later. Every 
effort should, then, be directed towards their destruction in the 
early spring. With this end in view, all apple sheds or storerooms 
should be throughly disinfected by means of hydrocyanie acid gas, 
sulphur fumes, or hot steam. Every apple storeroom should be 
made secure against escape of the moth; for this purpose wire 
screenings should be placed over the inner doors and windows, 
which should fit well. 
5. The apple orchard should be free from rubbish heaps. 
Wire fences are less subject to harbouring the grubs than wooden 
ones. The ground should be kept well cultivated and clean, and the 
older trees should have the loose bark scraped. 
6. In badly infested districts in Tasmania, which, by the by, 
has grappled with the codlin moth question with more thoroughness 
than have yet the other Australian States, “it has been found 
necessary to so prune the trees as to allow the pickers to see into 
any part of them; also, to keep the trees low, as it is, of course, 
much more difficult to go over high than low trees.” 
7. All windfalls in infested localities should be gathered as 
fast as they come down, as unless this is done the wormy apples 
will, after the concussion they have received, be soon deserted by 
the grub. This should be more particularly attended to in January, 
February, and March. 
8. Night light traps, with a lantern hung over a tin tray con- 
taining some sticky substance have been recommended, but the 
