594 
great majority of observes now admit that the codlin moth is not 
attracted by light, and that when a few odd ones are thus caught 
the event is more of the nature of an accident. 
9. Traps with fresh apple juice sweetened with sugar or honey 
have been tried in South Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania 
with more or less success. Lea used such traps in February and 
March, and, “so far as the codlin moth was concerned, they were 
total failures.” Possibly, says he, if used in December and January 
they would have been more successful. 
10. Arsenical sprayings is, of all the weapons used against 
this pest, one of the most deadly. It aims at depositing on the 
surface of the young apple, pear, or quince—and in such a position 
where it is likely to be picked up by the young grub soon after it 
hatches—a bait that will prove fatal, A better understanding of 
the habit of the codlin larve enables us to better encompass its 
destruction. 
The cost per acre of each spraying, according to the size of the 
trees, may be put down at six to twelve shillings. To ensure a clean 
crop three to five sprayings are necessary. 
Observation has taught that the mother moth lays one egg on 
each apple. Should the egg be a fertile one, and should it escape 
detection by natural enemies, it soon hatches; the young grub then 
instinctively crawls towards the calyx or eye of the fruit, and there 
has its first feed or two. It also nibbles here and there at the outer 
surface of the fruit, and after having had a few feeds proceeds to 
bore into it. It is whilst thus feeding that it picks up the poison. 
That poison, it is seen, must therefore lie where it is most accessible, 
and this is done in this way: After the petals drop, and as the 
fruit develops, the sepals which are disposed around the eye, and 
which, when accompanied by the corolla, are uniformly expanded 
and spreading, soon assume various shapes, covering more or less 
the tube which constitutes the calyx cavity. It is before these 
sepals close that cavity that the spraying should be done, and the 
most propitious time for this operation is about a week after the 
setting of the fruit. When this is done a certain amount of the 
poison is imprisoned within the calyx, where we know that most 
codlin grubs generally have their first meal. Should, however, the 
spraying be delayed, the poison will not be deposited within the 
calyx cavity with the same certainty, and fewer codlin grubs will 
have a chance of picking it up. Should rain supervene after the 
spraying, it is advisable to spray again in order to get at the later 
hatched grubs, as all moths do not emerge from their chrysalis 
stage all at once, but come out from October right on till the middle 
of summer. 
Slingerland, commenting on the results of spraying with arsen- 
ites, reports that at least 70 per cent. of the loss commonly suffered 
by the fruit-grower from the ravages of the codlin moth could be 
