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prevented by thoroughly applying the arsenical spray once or twice 
in the spring, indeed, “thousands of practical fruit-growers, who 
have thoroughly tried it, are unanimous in their testimony that from 
50 to 90 per cent., in some cases, of the fruit that would other- 
wise be ruined by the insect, can be saved at a comparatively slight 
expense.” Any of the several arsenical poisons may be used, viz., 
Paris green, London purple, white arsenic, arsenite of lead, etc. 
‘Of these arsenate of lead and Paris green are the best, when un- 
adulterated, and in the hands of the average fruit-grower, that 
which are the safest to use. 
11. Bandages, when well applied and carefully attended to, 
are better than any of the patent traps yet tried. Next to spraying, 
the greatest number of grubs can be destroyed by its use, and from 
40 per cent. to 50 per cent. of codlin larve are said to have thus been 
entrapped. The bandages are made of wide bands of hessian, 
about 12 inches wide, and long enough to encirele the stem of the 
tree. The piece of stuff is folded in the middle and fastened tightly 
round the tree by means of twine. 
“According to the regulations at present in force in Tasmania, 
the bandages should be placed on the trees in November, and finally 
taken off not later than the following July.” They should be re- 
moved every eight or ten days and boiled—this boiling also de- 
stroys a great many eggs of red spiders—and then replaced. This 
is preferable and more reliable than an eye inspection of the bands, 
whereby a certain number of grubs are generally allowed to escape 
unnoticed. On going over the trees, when the bandages are re- 
moved, a pointed probe should be used to search out all grubs which 
may have secreted themselves under pieces of bark, or eaten for 
themselves a hiding-place into the bark, broken branches, forks of 
the limbs, or old sears—as they prefer such places to the bands. 
Two bands, one over the other, are sometimes used, as some of the 
grubs, at times, crawl over the first in search of a hiding-place more 
to their liking. 
Although bands answer a good purpose, they must be applied 
to other kinds of trees, and even to fencing posts around apple, 
pear, and quince trees, to do all the good which may be expected 
from them. 
Mr. George Compére, who has done valuable work in Australia 
and China for the State Board of Horticulture of California, and 
who is now attached to this Department, mentions another easy 
way of gathering and destroying the codlin grub in California. 
Long straw is lightly gathered about the trees in the summer, and 
then raked up into small heaps and set fire to. 
Natural Enemies and Parasites. 
12. Probably the greatest distributor of the codlin moth is the 
fruit-grower himself, and the compulsory spraying and bandaging 
