597 
Campoplex memorum, Pachymerus vulnerator, and Phygadenon 
brevis. 
When it was announced some time ago that a parasite of the 
codlin moth had been discovered by George Compére great interest 
was at once manifested by fruit-growers. The new parasite—or 
rather, two species of them—have been received by the State Horti- 
cultural Commissioner. At the request of “California Fruit Grower,” 
Mr. E. M. Ehrhorn makes a statement regarding these new para- 
site :— 
Parasite No. 1—The ecodlin moth parasite, which was discov- 
ered on the coast of Spain, by George Compére, an agent of the 
State Commission of Horticulture, has arrived. There are two 
species of the parasite. One is a very large one, preying on the 
larva or worm of the codlin moth. It is a wasp-like fly, with a very 
long ovipositor, so fitted that it can reach up under the loose bark 
and rout out the worms. It deposits its eggs on the worm of the 
moth, and then gives the worm several quick, fierce jabs with its 
spear-like ovipositor to kill it. The larva of the parasite then uses 
the carcass to feed upon. 
Parasite No. 2.—What parasite No. 1 misses the smaller one 
sent attacks, as the codlin moth has passed into the pupa form, and 
this small parasite lays its eggs in this form of the insect. As high 
as fifteen of these little parasites have been hatched from a single 
codlin moth. Both species have been received, and are now in the 
breeding cases. 
The Work in Spain.—In the section whence these parasites 
were sent the codlin moth is so scarce that it is hardly noticed, the 
per cent. of wormy apples being only from three to five per cent. 
Hundreds of old apple trees are hanging full of beautiful apples, 
and not a single codlin moth can be found, although nothing has 
been done to prevent the insects from spreading, and it has been 
known in that section for thirty years. 
Hair worms (Gordius) have been seen in grubs in the United 
States of America and Europe. From the United States a small 
wasp (Trichogramma pretiosa) is parasitic on the eggs. An 
Iechneumon (Macrocentrus delicatus), and a fly (Hypostena varia- 
bilis) are parasitic on the grubs when in the fruit; another Hymen- 
opterous insect (Goniozus) is an external parasite, an Ichneumon 
(Pimpla annulipes) destroys the pupe. In California, a wasp 
(Sphecius Nevadensis) “frequents pear trees, and is described as 
pulling the grubs out of the fruit with its fore foot,” says 
Slingerland. After the grubs have left the fruit more enemies be- 
set them. In America three soldier beetles (Chauliognatus Pennsyl- 
vanicus, C. marginata, and Telephorus bilineatus) feed on grubs and 
pupe as well also on a Neuropterous insect (Rhapidia), and other 
beetles destroy pups, viz., Trogosita laticollis and T. corticalis 
