602 
Tue Lear Miner (Phytomyza sp.) 
A pest world-wide in its distribution. The eges are laid on 
the leaves, usually on the under surface. The maggot on hatching 
out drills its way between the two skins of the leaves, becomes full 
fed in less than a fortnight, then changes to the pupal form, and a 
few days later to a fly. There are many broods in a season. The 
tunnels made by the maggots show up white in the leaves and are 
often so numerous that more than half of a leaf is affected and 
a perfect network of tracks appear. On holding the leaf to the 
light, maggots are seen, very small and the pupe look like elon- 
gated seeds. he flies are very small, their bodies being hardly 
larger than the head of a pin. Attacks the milk thistle, marguerite, 
cineraria, sunflowers, geraniums, chrysanthemum, dahlia, leltuce, 
celery, parsnips, peas, tobacco, nasturtium, Cape weed, dandelion, 
sweet potatoes. I found sublimed sulphur of some use. A. M. 
Lea says no known spray is of any use, but pick out and burn the 
leaves. 
EELWoRMS OR GALLWORMS. 
A small nematode of the genus Tylenchus, sometimes confused 
with “scab.” Rounded swellings from the size of a pin to the size 
of a pea appear on the roots. The eggs, after the decay of potatoes, 
ete., can withstand long periods of dessication and, given suitable 
conditions, can resume normal activities even after three or more 
years. 
Other plants than potatoes, viz. bananas, onions, beetroot, 
clover, oats, wheat, ete., can be attacked, and all classes of soil can 
carry them—generally worse in fairly wet ground. 
The remedies consist in— 
Rotation. 
Destroy the refuse of affected crops. 
Clean seeds. 
Kainit and sulphate of potash retard eelworms. 
Sow a trap crop of beet which can be pulled up when 
attacked. 
Sr See 
Pear AND CHERRY SuuG (Selandria cerasi). 
This is a smal] black saw-fly, measuring about a third of an 
inch in length, with two pairs of transparent wings, short antennae, 
and short, thick-set body, which is furnished in the females with a 
fine saw-like appendage (from which this group of wasps take their 
popular name) with which it euts a slit in the leaf and deposits 
from a dozen to eighteen eggs beneath the epidermis. In a few 
days the small, legless, olive-green, slug-like grubs emerge, and 
commence to feed upon the upper surface of the leaf, which they 
soon destroy. When fully grown they measure half an inch in 
