610 
Buack Scaute (Lecanium oleae, Bernard). 
A dark brown or blackish scale, which infests all varieties of 
citrus trees, and nearly all deciduous varieties, and many plants, 
shrubs, vines, ete., and is more generally found in the orchards and 
gardens of this State than any other species of Coccidae. The 
presence of this species can be readily detected by the appearance 
on the branches, foliage, and fruit of a black smut, known as 'umago 
salicina. This smut or fungus is caused by the honeydew exuded 
by the female scale. 
Black Scale (Lecanium oleae.) 
The best treatment for this seale is fumigation with No. 18. 
Spraying with No. 10, 14, or 19 is excellent to check their spread, 
and to keep plants in a clean, healthy condition. The application 
of these remedies should not be made, however, while the sca'e are 
in the adult stage, as it will have little or no effect upon them, but 
should be done while they are yet in their larval stage. 
Natural Enemies.—Some twelve years ago three species of para- 
sites were introduced successfully into this State, and have now be- 
come established: Dilophogaster californica, Hemencyotus crawii, 
