614 
leaves, branches, and fruit; but only in severe cases is it to be 
noticed upon the leaves. A peculiar feature of this scale is the 
reddish discolouration around the margin of each female. This 
encircling ring of reddish discolouration is very noticeable on fruits, 
especially pears. Fruits severely attacked become distorted, rough, 
and pitted, sometimes cracking, and becoming unmarketable. The 
cambium layer of young twigs, where the scales are located, is 
usually stained deep red or purplish, and when the scale is only 
seatteringly present the distinctive purplish ring surrounding each 
seale is almost as noticeable on young twigs as on the fruit, and is 
of the greatest service in facilitating the inspection of trees which 
have been exposed to contagion. The young scale might easily 
elude the most careful inspection, but the striking reddish 
discolouration makes them comparatively conspicuous objects. 
This, like all the armoured Coccidae, pass their life under the 
protection of the waxy scale, except during a few hours while active 
in the larval stage, and an equally brief existence of the males in 
their winged stage. 
The long period during which the females are continually 
producing young, during the summer months, has an important 
bearing on the question of remedies employed in its destruction. 
Description—The seale of the female is circular, and in colour 
blackish gray, excepting the exuvie in the centre, which is of a 
deep straw colour; sometimes it has a reddish hue; it measures 
from one to one and a-quarter lines in diameter. The scale of the 
AS D7 Fae 
Aphelinus fucipennis—The Parasite which holds the san Jose Scale in check in Oalifornia. 
males is oval in outline, and nearly black with the exuviw between 
the centre and anterior margin of the scale, but is much darker in 
colour, and more obscure, than that of the females, 
