188 Medical Bacteriology. 
BACILLUS ICTEROIDES. Make agar streaks from blood or fragment of liver (where liver is 
obtained it is best wrapped in cloth and kept in incubator at 88°C. for 12 hours before 
cultures are made to encourage development of the micro-organisms, which are usually 
only sparingly present in tissue). Keep the cultures at 38°C. for 12-16 hours and 
then at 22°C. for same time; the characteristic appearance is a transparent, bluish 
growth surrounded by an opaque zone. If this is not obtained other culver must be 
prepared and a thorough study of the organisms isolated made. 
REFERENCES. v.J. 45; 8. 79. See also texts under particular organisms. 
Wipau Reaction. Directions for collecting samples of blood. ‘‘ Wash with boiled 
water the part from which the blood is to be obtained (lobe of ear, end of finger, or toe 
in infant). Prick deeply the skin with a clean needle.’’ Remove two or three large drops 
of blood on a clean glass slide, alluminum foil, piece of isinglass or letter paper. 
Allow the blood to dry. Then place in an envelope and send to laboratory and test 
as follows: 
a. Make a hanging drop preparation from a 24-72 hour old agar, or bouillon, cul- 
ture of Bacillus typhosus. 
b. If the bacilli are actively motile, remove the cover-glass, add to the culture a 
small drop of a solution of typhoid blood (diluted from 10-50 times), return the cover- 
glass to the slide and seal well with vaselin. 
¢. Examine with a high dry power (% in. obj.) rather than with the oli immersion. 
In a typical reaction the motility is almost immediately affected and soon motion 
ceases altogether while the bacilli collect in clumps, i. e. become ‘‘agglutinated.’’ 
REFERENCES. v.J. 49; 8.79. See also texts under particular organism. 
EXERCISE CIX. EXAMINATION OF FAECES, 
The material expelled from the rectum and comprising the substances from the 
food and the secretions of the alimentary tract come under this head. The number of 
micro-organisms occuring here is enormous, and comprise a large number of species and 
among them several pathogenic forms particularly B. typhosus. M. comma, B. tubercu- 
losis and Amoeba coli. 
BacILLUS TYPHOSUS. This organism occurs in the faeces in the case of typhoid pa- 
tients, but on account of the large number of other organisms its detection is very diffi- 
eult The following methods are the most serviceable: 
Parietti’s Method. This method consists in adding Parietti’ s solution (carbolie 
acid 5 grams: hydrochloric acid 4 grams, and distilled water 100 ec.) to bouillon in 
the following manner: A number of tubes of bouillon have a varying quantity of the 
above solution added, e. g, 1 drop to one tube, 2 to another, 3 to another, and so on. 
These tubes are inoculated with a small quantity, (one or two loops), of the faeces 
and then placed in the 38° C. incubator. Twenty-four hours later the tube containing 
the largest amount of Parietti’s solution which shows growth probably contains B. coli 
and B. typhosus if it is present. The organisms may be separated most quickly and 
easily by the use of the lactose litmus agar plate. The blue colonies should be worked 
up, and especially tested for its agglutinating power on typhoid blood. Instead of the 
use of the lactose litmus agar plate, either Elsner’s or Hiss’ methods may be used. 
