COKIFER^, OK CONE-BEAEING TEEES. 239 



Var. Utoftewsis, Engelm., has more slender branchlets. Fruit 

 round and smaller. It inhabits the Sierra Nevada, Southern 

 Utah, and Arizona. 



J^ (ommimls, Linn. — Common Juniper. — Leaves rather long, 

 linear, awl-shaped, prickly-pointed, upper surface white, glau- 

 cous, under one bright green. Fruit small, roimd, dark purple, 

 covered with a light bloom. A low, straggling shrub or small 

 tree, seldom more than ten or twelve feet high. This species 

 may well be called common, as it is a native of Asia, Europe, 

 and extends entirely across North America. The berries of this 

 species are employed in giving the peculiar flavor to gin, and 

 an oil extracted from them is also used in medicine. There is 

 an immense number of varieties of this species in cultivation, 

 known under such names as Irish Juniper, Swedish Juniper, 

 Spanish Juniper, Large-fruited Juniper, Weeping, Ci'eeping or 

 Prostrate, and many others more or less common in nurseries 

 and ornamental grounds.- 



J. occidcntalis, Hook. — ^Western Juniper. — A species very much 

 resembling the California Juniper, but the fruit is smaller, 

 blue-black, and the fleshy envelope resinous. A large tree in 

 Oregon, but becoming a mere shrub further south in California. 

 There are several natural varieties. Var. monosperma, Engelm. , 

 is a small shrub in Texas, west to Arizona, and northward to 

 Colorado. Var. conjungens, Engelm., is said to be quite abund- 

 ant in Western Texas and New Mexico, in fact the two varie- 

 ties as well as the species appear to be only climatic forms of 

 the common Jxmiper. The trees are usually crooked and dis- 

 torted, but the timber is hard and makes exceUerit fuel. 



J. pacliypMoea.— Torr.— This is another of those peculiar west- 

 em forms of the Juniper, more or less common in New Mexico 

 and Arizona. An exceedingly slow-growing tree, and Dr. En- 

 gelmann says that some trees, two hundred years old, have a 

 diameter of only four to six inches, but an occasional specimen 

 is found with a diameter of two to three feet, but these are 

 usually found in rich, rather moist soils, and in sheltered posi- 

 tions. 



J. Virginlana, L. — Bed Cedar. — Leaves very small, scale-like 

 on the older branches, but larger on the young twigs or branch- 

 lets ; very numerous, closely imbricated, and of a dark green 

 color. Branches usually horizontal, but in some soils upright, 

 covered with a thin, scaly bark. Fruit small, dark-purple, 

 covered with a whitish bloom. A very common and weU 



