-2- 



2. Fertilization, including the use of the different material 

 available to the grower as fertilizers and their effects on 

 the trees. 



3. Pruning, including a discussion of the so called practice 

 of ''dehorning", scraping down the ba'^k , etc. 



4. Spraying, including life history and control of those 

 pests and deseases v/hich appear most likely to infest old 

 trees, with a spray calenarfor such. 



5. Profits. Data for this is necessarily difficult to 

 collsct, and therafore this head will not be discussed 

 as fully as the v/rlter would like; but ;vhat is available 

 may be suggestive. 



CULTIVATION. 

 Most orchards which have been neglected for any 

 length of time, have been in sod so long, and such a thick, 

 tough mat has fomied that the trees are starved for lack 

 of the food which has gone to nourish the grass and v^eeds. 

 besides this the soil itself is in poor physical condition 

 owing to lack of aeration and proper drainage. Obviously 

 the first thing to be done is to turn the sod over. It may 

 be found difficult to do this as the sod is likely to be 

 tough, the ground hard, and the tree roots near the surface. 

 It has been found advisable, under such circumstances, to 

 turn ho:is in and let thei^i root up the ground during the 

 stim.aer. The following spring, plov/ing will be found much 

 easier and the root pruning which the trees will undergo 

 be benefical rather than detri^cental. The actual feeding 

 roots Qi;__cL__tree are rene-.ved each ye ir anyway, and pruning 



