27 



weather. Abundant vratei' is necessary for the developement and 



multiplication of the organism. Prom these causes preventive 



and curative measures may be suggested as follows: 



If the cankers J.re very extensive , cut the tree out of the 



orchard and burn it up. If not so large they may be cut back 



to healty wood and bark as in the case of the apple tree canker 



and the woundjswabed with a weak solution of corrosive sublimate 



or a '6% solution of CuSO (copper sulphate or bluestone) as a 



4 

 disinfectant, and when dry, painted with some heavy lead paint. 



Repeat the painting until the would is completely healed. 



Preventive measures,- remove all dead wood from orchard and 

 burn it. Cut out all cases of tv/ig blight from both pear and 

 apple tree as soon as it becomes apparent and expecially watch 

 any pear tree that may be in the neighborhood as that tree is 

 very susceptible to the blight. V'hen pruning paint all cut 

 surfaces with the disinfectant mentioned above. aIso paint 

 and disinfect all accidental wounds. Carefully watch all water- 

 sprouts which are to become new heads and remove all not needed 

 for that purpose. Keep the trees well opened up. 



These tv/o diseases are perhaps the two which cause the 

 greatest damage to old apple trees. The insects vmich are par- 

 ticularly bad in the apple tree are as follov/s: 



San Josp scale and Oyster Shell Scale. 



It would be Vifell to give the life history in brief of these 

 pests so that they may be more intelligently combated. In this 

 climate the male San Jose Scale insect matures in April and about 

 one month later the females be^in to give birth to their young. 

 Unlike most insects, these young are brought forth alive, the 

 average ntunber from each female being about 400. They continue 



