31 



air by wind and insects and infects more fruit. The process 

 continues all surmner and if not checked will prove very injurious. 

 In the fall a new (asexual) kind of a spore is formed which infects 

 the leaves and lives in them all winter in the ground. In the 

 spring they have matured and formed many other spores in small 

 dark sacs or perithecia on the upper surface of the leaf. By a 

 peculiar device they are discharged into the air w^ith considera- 

 ble force in much the same manner as a pea comes from a pea- shooter 

 and, being very small and light, are carried hy the wind to the 

 young fruits. This is about the time when the petals have just 

 fallen. Some fungicide, like lime-sulphur is very efficient in 

 controlling the disease at this time, and usually the spray applied 

 for codling moth will also get the scab. 



It sometimes happens that there is a later infection by scab 

 so it ^ well to protect tlie young fruit by another application of 

 the fungicide about two weeks after the first. The first spray, 

 hov/ever, is the more important one, as it gets the spores before 

 they have a chance to infect the fruit. 



The above mentioned diseases and insects are not the only one 

 that will trouble the fruit grower, of course, but a spray calen- 

 dar which will cover them, the most im :>ortant ones, will also take 

 care of the other and lesser pests. It will be unnecessary, there- 

 fore, to discuss any other life histories at this time. It might 

 be well though to say something about the application of the spray. 

 Up will very recentlj/- it has been advocated to spray with the wind. 

 This is a good practice in the early spring before the foliage has 

 started out, when spraying for scale or blister mite. The spray 

 will be carried to all the little crevices in the bark and will 

 reach every part of the tree. But in the case of the spray for 



"iditions are very different. It is necessaty 



