WOOD IN GENERAL 



243 



to paint, for exterior finish; while hardness, as little shrink- 

 age as possible, and an attractive' appearance when polished 

 are most desirable for interior finish. 



Furniture has needs similar to interior finish and at the 

 same time demands special strength. 



Domestic utensils have no such need for beauty of material 

 but generally require considerable strength and hardness. 



Fig. 228, I. — Willow (Salix si>., Willuw Family, 6alicacew). ,Staminate 

 flowering branch. Pistillate flowering branch. (Baillon.) — Trees with 

 yellowish or greenish flowers, dry fruits, and hairy seeds. Native home, 

 throughout the North Temperate Zone. 



Boxes, including crates, need to be strong and when used 

 for transportation, as fight as possible. 



Cooperage, whether "dry," as flour barrels, or "wet," as 

 casks and tanks, or "white," as tubs and pails, calls for wood 

 which is stiff yet elastic and not liable to irregular twisting 

 or warping even when in contact with fluid on only one side. 



Vessels, including all sorts of water-craft, present in the 

 hull somewhat similar requirements to wine casks, the chief 

 difference being that the fluid must be prevented from leak- 

 ing in instead of leaking out. As regards the spars, uniform 



