370 VARIOUS PLANT GROUPS 



achenes. A fruit thus splitting into one-seeded pieces is 

 called a schizocarpj 



The family comprises mostly herbaceous plants rich in muci- 

 lage; with flowers often involucellate, seldom fragrant; petals 

 convolute and distinct; stamens numerous, monadelphous, 

 adhering to the corolla; anthers ivith only one pollen-sac; styles 

 more or less distinct. 



117. The mallow order (Malvales) contains several families 

 having mostly cymose inflorescences of complete, regular, and 

 hypogynous flowers; with the petcds distinct {though often ad- 

 hering to the pentadelphous or monadelphous stamens) and 

 opposite the stamen-groups; and the pistils ivith axile placentw. 



See pages 410, 411 for a typical formula of the order. 



118. The parsley family (UmbelliferEe). Examples: car- 

 rot (Figs. 47-53, pages 55-57), parsnip (Figs. 54, 55, 

 page 57), celery (Figs. 78, 79, page 75), parsley (Fig. 138, 

 page 140), caraway (Fig. 140, page 142), anise (Figs. 141 I, 

 II, page 142), coriander (Figs. 143 I-III, pages 143, 144), 

 asafetida (Fig. 168 I, page 175), water hemlock (Fig. 179, 

 page 193), and poison hemlock (Figs. 180 I, II, pages 194, 

 195). 



See pages 410-413 for formulas of Conium, Carum, Petroselinum, 

 Ciouta, Coriandrum, Apium, Pimpernella, Pastinaca, Ferula, 

 Daucus, and UmbelliferiE. 



The name Umbelliferse, meaning "umbrella-bearers," was 

 given to this family because almost all the members have 

 inflorescences resembling umbrellas. This form of in- 

 florescence, called an umbel,^ may be likened to a raceme in 

 which the internodcs of the rachis are sujjpressed, thus bring- 

 ing the bracts, when present, together as an involucre. In 

 most of the parsle,y family, the inflorescence consists of a 

 number of little umbels or umbellules,' arranged in an umbel. 



Usually all the flowers of a cluster are perfect. An interest- 



' Schiz'o-carp < Gr. srhizo, I split; I;arpos, fruit. C; < -r- m. 



' Um'bel < ly. niiihi'Un, diminutive of umbra, shade. I/. 



' Um'bcl-lule < L. iiinhellula, diminutive of umhella. i/. Each um- 

 bellule may have a seeondary involucre composed of secondary bracts 

 which are symboliz<>d by the B- which comes after the B. 



