INDEX 



All numbers refer to pages, heavj- type indicating illustrations. 



Floral envelops, 319 



Floral organs, adhesion of, 365; 

 arrangements for pollination, 

 557 



Floral organs, alternate, 350, 354; 

 coalesccnt, 350; distinct, 350, 

 354; cpigjrnous, 365; free, 350, 

 354; hypogynous, 350; inser- 

 tion of, 349; opposite, 368; par- 

 tially coalescent, 354; perigy- 

 nous, 350 



Florets, 380 



Flower, 319, 557 



Flower-cluster, 343 



Flower in the crannied wall, 576 



Flower, parts of: andrctcium, 346; 

 anther, 12, 14; calyx, 29; car- 

 pel, 346; corolla, 43; epicalyx, 

 384; essential organs, 13, 43; 

 filament, 12, 14; funicle, 341'); 

 gynajcium, 346; keel, 48; mi- 

 cropylc, 346; nectar, 29; nectar- 

 gland, 29; nectar-leaves, 34S; 

 ovary, 12, 14, 345; ovule, 12, 

 14, 346; pappus. 386; perianth, 

 43; petal, 42, 348; pistil, 11, 14, 

 345; placenta, 346; raphe, 346; 

 receptacle, 349, 385; .sepal, 29; 

 silk, 24; stamen, 12, 14; slami- 

 nodes, 348; standard, 48; stigma, 



12, 14, 345; .style, 12, 14, 345; 

 torus, 349, 350; wings, 48 



Flowering plants, 39.3, 396, 397; 



evolution of, 559 

 Flowers, attractions of, 557 

 Flowers, apetalous, 349; archichla- 

 mydeous, 378; axillary, 345; 

 clustered, 352; coni])lete, 42, 

 349; compound, 385; double, 

 347; epigynous, 365; imperfect, 



13, 347; irregular, 349, 354; 

 metachlamydeous, 386; neutral, 

 371; perfect, 13, 347, 353; pis- 

 tillate, 347; polygamous, 347; 

 regular, 354; rcsupinate, 391 ; 

 rudimentary, 13, 14; solitary, 

 345; solitary axillary, 3.52; soli- 

 tary terminal, 352; stamina! (\ 

 347 



Fluctuating variations, 448, 455 

 Flux, 288 

 ]'4y-amanita, 215, 217 



Fly-poi.son, 217 



Fodder, 303 



Foliage, as a sunbeam-trap, 302; 

 main work of, 85 



Foliage-plants, 303 



Follicle, 351 



Fomes fomentarius, Amadou 



F'ood, 128; as fuel and building ma- 

 terial, 114; chart, 114; favorite 

 combinations, 119 



Food-adjuncts, 128, 159, .302 



Food-making, 74 



Food-plants, 122; classes of, 35; 

 native home and culture period, 

 120, 121 



Food-products, miscellaneous, 91 



Foods, 302; vegetable, 113; vege- 

 table versus animal, 119 



Foot of sporophyte, 517, 538 



Footstalk, 336 



Forests, effect on water-supply, 

 .301 



Form blocks, 263 



Formative material, 254, 320 



Formulas, plant, 352; of seed- 

 plants, 404-427 



Fossil, botany, 10; club-moss, 301; 

 ferns, .534; scale-tree, 301 



Fossils, 432 



Fountain pens, 284 



Foxglove, 204, 208, 382, 416, 417 



Fox-grape, 125 



Fragaria spp., Strawberry 



Fraximis amcricana, White Ash 



Free-branching Sheath-alga, 483 



Free floral organs, 350, 354 



Free will, 568, 569 



French Rose, 150 



Fruit, 12, 319, 350; cone-hke, 374; 

 dehiscent, 351; drupaceous, 365; 

 dry, 351; fleshy, 351; mdehis- 

 cent, 351 



Fruit-body, 500, 501, 502 



Fruit, iiarts of: aril, 213, 393; 

 burr, 38; chaff, 11; grain, 12; 

 husk, 11, 12; kernel, 11; peri- 

 carp, 351; pit, 89; seed, 3.50; 

 stone, 89, 364; suture, 351 



Fruits, 35, 88: achene, 351, 386; 

 berry, 351; berry-like, 392; cap- 

 sule, 351 ; caryopsis, 388; cremo- 

 carp, 371; cupule, 375; drupa- 



