LIST OF BLACK-AND-WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS xv 



PAGE 



182 



47. Examples of Fourth Upper Premolar (the Upper Carnassial Tooth) in various 



Carnivores ny 



J The Common Fox (^Canis vulpes) | 



'' 'I The Wolf, European Type {Canis lupus) . . . A ^"""^ ^^° 



J British Cave Lion (Fe/is leo spelcea) "| 



'*^' I British Cave Bear (_Ursus speltsus) \ ^'^"^ '3+ 



J The Common Otter \ 



5°" I The Common Otter (Z2//rfflz/«/^3m). . . . \ Facing 138 



fThe Pine Marten {Mustela martes) . . . \ 



5'-|The Badger (Meles iaxus) . f ^'^'"^ '44- 



52. The Polecat (Putorius fcetidus) Facing 154 



53. The Common Stoat {Putorius ermineus). Summer coat . . Facing 158 



54. The Weasel (Putoritis nivalis) Facing 162 



55. Examples of Upper Canine Tooth in Lion and in two Machairodonts 



(natural size) 171 



56. Giape of Jaws in a British Sabre-toothed "Tiger" {Machairodus cultridens) . 173 

 fThe Ferret, domesticated form of Polecat {Putorius fatidus) . \ 



57- j The Wild Cat {Felis calus) j ^'^^"S 



58. Fore Paw and Hind Paw of Common Seal compared with Fore Paw ajid 



Hind Paw of Sea Lion 190 



59. Premolars and Molar, Upper Jaw, of Common Seal .... 19S 



60. The Harp Seal {Phoca granlandicd) 201 



61. The Gray Seal {Halichmrus grypus). Adult and young . . . Facing 204 



62. Head of Hooded Seal {Cystophord) 207 



63. Wild Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Fcuing 212 



64. The Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus). Winter coat in Wicklow 



Mountains, Ireland Facing 218 



J The Common Hare {Lepus europceus) i s" • 



i The European Beaver {Castor fiber) J 



f The Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) . 1 . 



66-1 J- Facing 226 



■ j The Common Dormouse {Muscardinus avellanarius) . . .1 



67. Molar Teeth of Squirrel, Rat, and Water Vole QMicrotus) for Comparison 



(twice natural size) 23^ 



(Long-tailed Field or Wood Mouse {Mus sylvaticus) . . . . \ 

 Harvest Mouse CMus minutus) .1 ^^.^^ ^42 



Red Bank Vole {Evotomys glareolus) . . . . . J 



Black Rat {Mus rattus) . .) 



C Brown Rat {^Mus decumanus) . . 1 s- • 



^9-j Short-tailed Field Vole ^Microtus agrestis) j ^"^'^"S 250 



70. Pattern of Enamel and Dentine on Surface of Molar Teeth of African and 



Indian Elephants . . 263 



220 



