24. 



Facing 82 



xiv LIST OF BLACK-AND-WHITE ILLUSTRATIONS 



AGE 



22. Skeleton of a Bat's Hand 78 



23. Ears of Bats, to show Tragus, Absence of Tragus, and Development of 



Antitragus ... 81 



Long-eared Bat {Plecotus auritus) .... 



Common Bat hanging by its Thumbs 



Common Bat {Pipistrellus pipistnllus) hanging by its Feet 

 ,Bat hanging with folded Wings and Tail .... 



25. Bones of a Bat's Leg and Foot .84 



26. Serotine Bat ( Vespertilio serotinus) : to show (a) shape of ear ; {b) naked 



three-cornered space on under lip ;. (/) remains of sucker disc on the ball 

 of thumb ; (rf) point of departure of wing membrane from base of toes ; 

 («) calcaneum or spur.; (/) post-calcaneal lobule and interfemoral membrane ; 

 (g) degree to which tail projects beyond the interfemoral membrane. 85 



27. Great or Noctule Bat {Pterygistes nociuld) 87 



28. Skull of Noctule Bat (I5 times natural size) ... . 88 



29. Front of Skull of Noctule Bat, to show separation between incisor teeth and 



large canines (3 times natural size) .88 



30. Head of Noctule Bat (nearly twice natural size) 89 



31. Head of Pipistrelle, or Common Bat (JPipistrellus pipistrelhis) . . .91 



32. Head and Foot of Daubenton's Bat 95 



33. Head of Bechstein's Bat. Nearly twice natural size 97 



34. Head of Common Continental Bat {Myotis myotis). Natural size . . 99 



35. Head of Whiskered Bat. (2J times natural size) loi 



36. Ear of Notch-eared Bat (^Myotis emarginatus'). Twice natural size . . . 102 



37. Head of Barbastelle Bat {Barbastella bariastellus). Note ear membranes 



joining over forehead, groove along nose, and eyes fairly close together. 

 Twice natural size ............ 103 



38. Nose and Muzzle of Barbastelle Bat (3 times life size) 103 



39. A. Ears of the Long-eared Bat (half again as large as natural size) ; B. The 



Long-eared Bat (life size), showing ears pressed against the sides and 

 tragus erect 105 



40. Nose and Muzzle of Long-eared Bat. (3 times natural size) . . . io5 

 f The Greater Horseshoe Bat {Rkinolophtts ferrum-equinum) . . j 



' j The Common Bat i^Pipistrellus pipistrdlus) ....'[ * 



42. Head of Greater Horseshoe Bat {Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum), to show 



nose leaf. Note also absence of tragus and large development of lobe 



of outer margin of ear. Nearly twice natural size . . . . .109 



43. Nose Leaf of Greater Horseshoe Bat in Profile (slightly less than natural size) . no 



44. Nose Leaf of Lesser Horseshoe Bat {Rhinolophus hipposiderus). Twice natural 



size. .............. J12 



45. Jaws of Otocyon megalotis (to show four molar teeth in each jaw, etc.) . . 114 



46. Angle of the Lower Jaw in Otocyon, as compared with the angle of the 



Jaw in Canis cancrivorus (Crab-eating Dog) and in Wolf . , . .US 



