THE BO VINES 349 



Capricorn, Urotragus caudatus, the goral of North China, has a 

 very long tail. 



The goats have lost almost all traces of the side toes, and 

 are exclusively two-toed, though they still retain the false hoofs 

 and nodules of bone of the missing digits. In the sheep, 

 however, thin slips of metacarpal bones — the upper ends — are 

 encountered in most of the species, though they are easily 

 detached and lost sight of in the tendons and skin of the 

 fore leg. The sheep also retain traces of the tear pit, or gland 



Horns of a Ram (Ovis aries) from Achill Island, off West Coast of Ireland. 



on the face, which the goats seem to have lost, but which Ovibos 

 and some of the capricorns ^ have retained. The sheep, also, 

 have not developed the peculiar chin beard of the goats. They 

 favour, on the contrary, the throat mane so characteristic of 

 certain capricorns and of the tahr. This throat mane is seen 

 prominently developed in the North African wild sheep, but it is 

 by no means limited to that species, for it is frequently abundant 

 in the Armenian sheep (which is very near to the domestic), the 

 urial (Otoj vignei), and the European mouflon ; while in domestic 

 sheep this throat fringe is represented abundantly in African 

 forms, and elsewhere is even transformed into a dewlap of the skin. 

 ^ Nemorhcedtis ; the gland has been lost in Hemitragus. 



