88 EIDIKG AND TEAININ-G SADDIB-HOESES. 



arch liis neck. This lesson having bespn repeated until it 

 is perfectly understood, renew it in the saddle, drawing 

 on the curb with a steady pressure, until he drops his 

 head and champs the bit as before. Eeward the first 

 sign of obedience by caresses and praise. Eepeat tlie 

 movement, until at the first touch of the rein he lets go 

 of the bit, arches his neck, and stands quietly and at 

 ease. Even if you have to call assistance to keep him in 

 place, do not let him either back or turn around in order 

 to get away from the pressure of the bit. 



The next step is to obtain the same control over the 

 hind-quarters that you now have over the forehand, and 

 you must first teach him to bear the spur without mov- 

 ing. Accustom him first to the pressure of the leg and 

 of the unarmed boot-heels, and later, of spurs, with cloth 

 or leather over the rowels ; when he is perfectly indifEer- 

 ent to them, then uncover the rowels. 



Mr. Phillipps says: "Wben he has learned not to resist 

 the spurs, by kicking, he must next be taught to spring 

 from them. Get him well in hand, and touch him 

 . lightly, but firmly, on both sides. If he kicks or winces, 

 you are getting on too fast, and must return to the cov- 

 ered rowels, if not to the bare heels. ... If he tries to 

 move forward, carefully restrain him by the bridle, and 

 then, dropping- both your legs and hands, caress him, 

 and let him stand at ease. Eepeat the lesson until the 

 slightest pressure of your legs is sufficient to make him 

 promptly collect himself, and bring his hind-legs under 

 his body." The great point is now secured ; the horse 

 has been taught the position you desire him to maintain, 

 to carry his weight well on his haunches, to arch his 



