1825, AUGUST— SEPTEMBER. GRAND RAPIDS 59 



several of Cervus leucurus, or Long White-tailed Deer, as well as some of 

 the Black-tailed Deer. 



Two days more took me to the village of the Calapooie nation, a 

 peaceful, good-disposed people, twenty-four miles above the falls, where 

 my camp was formed for several days. A hunting party left me here, 

 they going over the ridge of mountains to the westward. Near to 

 my camp was a saline spring to which the deer and a beautiful ringed 

 species of Columba resorted in the mornings for the purpose of licking 

 and picking the saline particles, which afiorded me great amusement. 

 In the extensive plains bounded on the east by the mountainous 

 woody parts of the coast and a ridge of high mountains on the west, on 

 the banks of the Eiver Sandiam, one of the rapid branches of the Mult- 

 nomah, was abundance of Eschscholzia calif ornica, Iris tenax, Nicotiana 

 multivalvis,^ two new species of Trichostema, and many other delightful 

 plants. Of animals I procured some curious species of Myoxus, Mus, 

 Ar atomy s, a new species of Canis of singular habits, and a new genus of 

 animals 2 of Richardson (' Fauna Am.,' page 2 ). In the 



tobacco pouches of the Indians I found the seeds of a remarkably large 

 pine which they eat as nuts, and from whom I learned it existed in the 

 mourltains to the south. No time was lost in ascertaining the existence 

 of this truly grand tree, which I named Firms Lambertiana, but no 

 perfect seeds could I find. I returned again to my rendezvous, Fort 

 Vancouver, richly laden with many treasures. 



A few days was devoted to the putting in order of my last collection 

 and drying the seeds collected, when, without loss of time, on September 

 5th, having engaged a chief as my guide and accompanied by one Canadian, 

 I left on a journey to the Grand Rapids. Two days were spent ascending 

 the stream, though I was favoured with a sail wind. I pitched my camp 

 close to Chumtalia's (my guide's) house, taking the precaution to have 

 the ground well drenched with water to prevent the annoyance of fleas, 

 which did not entirely banish those pestiferous insects. 



On Saturday morning, when Chumtalia learned that it was my wish 

 and intention to visit the summit of the mountains on the north side 

 of the river, he became forthwith sick, and soon found an excuse for 

 exempting himself from this undertaking. He, however, sent a younger 

 brother instead, accompanied by two young men of the village. The 

 Canadian remained at the tent to take care of my boots, &c., injunctions 

 being given to Chumtalia to supply him with salmon and to see that nothing 

 came over him [sic]. To encourage my guides I was under the neces- 

 sity of giving them the whole of the provisions the first day, excepting 

 four small biscuits and a little tea and sugar. At our first encampment, 

 about two-thirds up the mountain, we left our blankets, intending, after 

 having visited the top, to return there and sleep. But our path being 

 so dreadfully fatiguing, climbing over the shelving detached rocks and 

 fallen timber, that night had closed in on us ere we had reached the 

 summit; I killed a young or half-grown brown eagle, on which we 



1 N. quadrivalvis var. multivalvis, A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ii. I. p. 243. 



2 Blank left in MS.— Ed. 



