1825, APRIL. PLANTS COLLECTED 105 



(9) Uvularia (?) , perennial ; flowers before expansion green, wliite, three 

 to five in a cluster ; fruit scarlet ; in rich, shady woods near the ocean. S. 



(10) — (?) ; a shrub 6 to 10 feet high ; shores of the Columbia, near the 

 ocean, abundant. 



(11) Alnus sp. ; a tree 50 to 70 feet high ; may prove A. ghitinosa ; its 

 size occasioned by the richness of the soil and finer climate ; moist places 

 on the Columbia ; April. 



(12) Ribes sp. ; allied to Ribes Grossularia ; corolla purple ; stamens 

 double its length ; anthers yellow ; flowers in April ; fruit small, black, 

 globular, hairy, and very pleasant ; abundant in rocky places on the 

 shores of the Columbia. S. 



(13) Rubus spectabilis, Pursh, figure and description good. The 

 same observation is applicable to this delightful plant, relatively to its 

 growth, as to GauUheria Shallon. They are found together in the woods. 

 Bears fruit abundantly, ripe in June, flowers April-May. I was not at 

 the sea during the season of this fruit. That farther up the river I found 

 very pleasant but am informed it is inferior to that on the coast ; fruit 

 oblong, yellow ; abundant on the outskirts of the woods ; the young 

 shoots are stripped of their bark and eaten in a raw state by the natives ; 

 a beautiful plant. S. 



(14) Ribes sp. ; flowers small, in a raceme, brown and yellow ; appears 

 not to produce fruit ; shores of the Columbia ; abundant ; April. I have 

 been unable to find its fruit, August. 



(15) Tiarella sp. ; leaves cordate, lobed, viviparous ; calyx five- 

 cleft, petals five, imguiculate, fringed, inserted between the teeth of 

 the calyx, white, after a few days' expansion rose colour, fragrant ; whole 

 plant hispid ; 6 inches to 2 feet high ; perennial ; abundant in shady 

 woods in rich soil, near springs and rivulets ; a fine plant. 



(16) Sambucus, a shrub or small tree, forms a large part of the under- 

 wood in the forest ; flowers large, white ; abundant near the ocean. 



(17) Equisetum sp., perennial ; the male stems are eaten by the 

 natives in a raw state and sometimes boiled ; abundant in moist places. 



(18) Tussilago, in the same place ; this may prove T. palmata.^ 



(19) Juncus sp., perennial ; in partially shady woods, Columbia river ; 

 a small but fine plant, abundant. 



(20) Phalangium Quamash " (Pursh) ; its roots form a great part of 

 the natives' food ; they are prepared as foUows : a hole is scraped in 

 the ground, in which are placed a number of flat stones on which the 

 fire is placed and kept burning imtil sufficiently warm, when it is taken 

 away. The cakes, which are formed by cutting or bruising the roots 

 and then compressing into' small bricks, are placed on the stones and 

 covered with leaves, moss, or dry grass, with a layer of earth on the 

 outside, and left until baked or roasted, which takes generally a night. 

 They are moist when newly taken ofi the stones, and are hung up to dry. 

 Then they are placed on shelves or boxes for winter use. When warm 

 they taste much like a baked pear. It is not improbable that a very 



1 Petasites pcdmata, A. Gray, Syn. El. N. Am. i. n. p. 376. 

 ^ Camassia esculenta. Baker, in Joum. Linn. Soc. ziii. p. 257. 



