140 DOUGLAS' JOURNAL 



(437) Juncus sp. ; 8 to 18 inches high ; in flower and seed ; a hand 

 some species ; very plentiful in all sandy soil near the sea ; viviparous. 



(438) Triticum sp. ; very handsome ; abundant on the shore ; 

 I regret that all the seed of this beautiful species was gone. 



(439) Juncus sp. ; small, 4 to 6 inches high ; in seed ; abundant. 



(440) Gramineae sp. ; annual (?) or perennial (?) ; a very singular 

 handsome grass, 1 to 2 J feet high ; in a low marsh near the sea ; 

 plentiful. S. 



(441) Gramineae sp. ; perennial ; strong in the like places as the 

 former one ; also abundant. 



(442) Rumex sp. ; annual ; small ; on the shores ; plentiful. 



(443) Spergula, annual ; creeping ; leaves linear, verticillate ; in seed ; 

 on the grounds around the Company's apartments. S. 



(444) Spiraea sp. ; perennial ; a fine plant, 2 to 4 feet high ; this I 

 expect will prove the same as one I saw in the possession of Mr. Menzies 

 with red flowers ; I saw it only in seed ; plentiful in the moist rocks 

 near the ocean, and at the Great Rapids. 



(445) Pteris aquilina i ; abundant and grows exceedingly strong in 

 rich open woods and meadows ; the roots are dried and eaten by th 

 natives, when boiled or roasted. 



(446) Asfidium sp. ; strong growing in all low moist Woods ; very 

 plentiful. 



From the 6th to the 18th of August employed drying what plants had 

 been collected on my journey ; making occasional short routes in the 

 neighbourhood of my residence, collecting seeds of plants already collected. 

 Nothing of interest occurred during the time ; my labours were frequently 

 retarded by rainy weather. 



August 19iA. — Towards afternoon left in a small canoe with one 

 Canadian and two Indians, in company with a party of men going on a 

 hunting excursion to southward, on a visit to the Multnomah River, one 

 of the southern branches of the Columbia. The distance I was enabled to 

 go was about fifty-six mUes. The river is large, nearly as large as the 

 Thames ; thirty-six miles from the Columbia are very fiine falls, about 

 43 feet high, across the whole river, in an oblique direction ; when the river 

 is low they are divided into three principal channels, all of which have a 

 perpendicular pier ; when the water is high it rushes over in an unbroken 

 sheet. This season, in July, which is the time it is at its greatest height, 

 it rose 47 feet. From the Columbia to the Falls there is but little or no 

 current ; gorged back by the waters of that river. The banks are covered 

 with Pinus taxifolia,^ P. halsamea 3 Quercus, and Populus. The soU is by far 

 the richest I have seen. Above the Falls, as far as I went, at many places 

 the current is rapid. I had considerable difficulty in making the portages 

 at the Falls, having to haiil the canoe up with ropes ; this laborious under- 

 taking occupied three hours, and one hour on my return. This at one time 

 was looked on as the finest place for hunting west of the Rocky Mountains. 



' Pteridium aguilinum, Christensen, Ind. Fil. pp. 591, 592. 



' Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Mast, in Joum. R. Hort. Soo. xiv. p. 245. 



•* Abies balsamea. Mast. loc. cit., p. 189. 



