THE DOG 



These are only a few specimens taken at 

 random from the rich collection of evidences 

 of affection given to dogs by intelligent men. 

 Let us now examine into the actual lives of 

 our dogs and see their numerous useful deeds. 



Teeth at the E\d of Two Yeaks 



While so doing we shall give some advice on 

 the best methods of bringing up, caring for, 

 and utilizing these intelligent animals ; pho- 

 tography will do the rest. 



III. The Dor; Inteknallv and Externally 



If we sent postpaid to our readers 247 little 

 bones, asking them to construct therefrom a 

 perfect specimen of the domestic dog, we 

 doubt whether many of them would be pleased 

 with the gift. We therefore refrain from 

 sending it, and consequently have no need to 

 add to the 247 bones 42 teeth and a few- 

 ear cartilages that go with them. Yet those 

 forty-two teeth deserve an attentix'c examina- 

 tion. As long as they remain in the animal's 

 mouth they serve, as with horses, to determine 

 his age. It is useful to know that a normal 

 dog ought to have twelve incisors, four molars, 

 and twenty-six large teeth. The first, or milk 

 teeth, appear from four to six weeks after 

 birth, and give place to the incisors from four 



precautions, we open the jaws of a dog and 

 behold a nun-ib;.'r of jji'etly little white lilies 

 at the end of the crown of the incisDi's, we 

 knciw the dog is still young, that is, undei- a 

 year old. Fron-i the lirst to the second year 

 these teeth bec(Mi-ie moi'e 01- less woi'n, and 

 when the animal is in his thii-d year Ihey are 

 coi-i-i])lelely wori-i out, especially those in the 

 lower jaw. A dog must be more than foiu- )'eai-s 

 old before the eyeteeth ai-id the teeth behiw 

 them becon-ic \-isibl)' worn ; and this indication 

 grows more and more distinct with age. After 

 the se\-enthyear the teeth are completel)- woi-n 

 down, and drop out here and there. In making 

 an examination we must not forget that food, 

 according as it is hard or soft, has a great 

 influence on the condition of the teeth. 



Teeth excepted, the other parts of a dog's 

 skeleton, and the nobler parts which it incloses, 

 — such as the lungs, the heart, etc., — do not 

 rec|uire us to make a long examination, unless, 

 indeed, we wear the spectacles of a zoologist. 

 The muscles and the sinews that form the flesh 

 and join the articulations are of great imjior- 

 tance to the breeder, because they are in close 



Ti'Ietm Worn and Bia'nted ix ,\n Old Doo 



relation with the exterior f()rms, and especiall)' 

 with the ability of certain species of dogs to 



to six months later. The large teeth appear in perform the work for which they are intended, 

 the third or fourth week, and drop out at the We shall have to speak later of the position 

 end of five months. If, therefore, taking due of the lungs in a broad high chest, or in a 



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