158 



tansy root, calamus root, and tar, of each 2J pounds, of cornniou salt 

 1^ pounds, make into cakes with meal and water, and dry. The dose 

 ofareca-nut powder, which is an effective remedy for round worms as 

 well as tape-worms, is from 1 to 3 drams for lambs. 



The oil of turpentine has proven of itself a valuable anthelmintic, but 

 should be used with care. For intestinal round worms in sheep from 1 

 to4 fluid drams may be given, according to age. The turpentine should 

 be mixed with from 2 to 4 ounces &f castor oil. Sweet or linseed oil 

 may be substituted, but their cathartic effects are untrustworthy. More 

 than one dose should not be given until two or three days have elapsed, 

 when, if it is deemed advisable to give a second dose, no untoward re- 

 sults having been noticed from the first, the dose, slightly increased, may 

 be repeated. Do not give more than the maximum dose. Tellor (Dis- 

 eases of Live Stock) gives the following recipe: Linseed oil 2 ounces, 

 oil of turpentine one-half ounce, for a drench. The French veterinari- 

 ans advise, among other remedies, the use of empyreumatic oil, petro- 

 leum, and chimney soot. Empyreumatic oil is animal oil, a by-product 

 of distillation of animal matter for ammonia. Dippel's ethereal extract 

 is a refined product, aud the oil of Chabert consists of animal oill part, 

 turpentine 3 parts. The medicine should be administered as a liquid. 

 The dose of animal oil, or oil of Chabert, is from 1 to 2 drams, to be 

 given in 4 ounces of the chosen vehicle. The oils and alcohol dissolve 

 animal oil, but if the vehicle is a watery mixture it must be well 

 shaken. Bitter vermifuges made up into tea are excellent, as is also a 

 decoction of chimney soot thickened by dextrine or the yellow of eggs. 

 From the certain effect that petroleum has on insects externally we may 

 infer that it should prove a valuable anthelmintic internally, if it may be 

 given in sufficiently large doses. It has been used in man for tmnia 

 and round worms. The dose is 30 minims. The dose for sheep may be 

 as large; how much larger future experiments will determine. Until 

 the toxic dose is learned it should be given with caution. It is proba- 

 ble that 2 dram doses may be used. Give with from 2 to 4 ounces of 

 sweet, linseed, or castor oil. 



Besides these there are many other remedies proposed, as savin, 

 sabadilla, spigelia or pink root, aloes, tartar emetic, asafetida, azeda- 

 rach, kousso, kamala, aud pumpkin seed. The greater part are of 

 doubtful efflcacy; others are dear, and can be replaced by remedies 

 equally as good and cheaper. Many of the bitter herbs may be pow- 

 dered and given with grain, but the sheep will not get enough to have 

 the best effects. Often the worst-affected lamb will not eat any, or very 

 little, on account of loss of appetite. This method of administration is, 

 besides, wasteful. The uncertainty of sheep receiving a full dose is the 

 chief argument against such ^ method. The effect of some of these 

 plants on sheep is also modified by the fact that sheep are plant eaters 

 aud become more or less accustomed to the various medicinal principles 

 found ia them, 



