206 



the least effective except they be general tonics and stimulants. Many- 

 advise the use of anthelmintics, but these are of value only in driving 

 off the intestinal parasites. Turpentine seems to be an exception to 

 this rule, as some of it is eliminated by the lungs and so reaches the 

 worms. Powers {op. dt., p. 283) advises turpentine and linseed oil mixed 

 in equal parts, a tablespoonful at a dose. Mr. W. G. Berry saturates 

 lumps of salt with turpentine, then crushes the salt, mixes with bran, 

 and feeds as a preventive. 



Neumann {Maladies Parasitaires, p. 517) states that the following 

 have been recommended : Picrate of potash, from 3 to 6 grains per dose, 

 dissolved in oatmeal, water, or mucilage; a mixture of equal parts of 

 turpentine and spirits of camphor, a teaspoonful daily in mucilaginous 

 drink ; a mixture of creosote 120 parts, alcohol 500 parts, water 700 

 parts, dose a teaspoonful ; creosote 60 parts, benzine 300 parts, water 

 2,000 parts, dose a teaspoonful for each patient daily for eight days- 

 Hall {Veterinarian, 1868) says that he employed with success 10 drops 

 prussic acid (to be diluted in water) for a dose morning and evening. 

 Neumann adds, however, that experience shows there is little reliance 

 on these methods of treatment, and the administration is, besides, more 

 or less difficult. 



The same author states that success is less uncertain with fumiga- 

 tions which penetrate directly to the worms, benumbs them, and pro- 

 vokes a cough by which they are brought up and ejected. The sheep 

 to be treated should be driven into as nearly an air tight shed or stable 

 as is practicable. Then rags, horns, feathers, hair, old leather, tar, 

 asafetida, etc., should be placed on a red-hot shovel or in an iron pot 

 filled with burning coals or in a tinner's firepot. The intensity, dura- 

 tion, and number of fumigations should be graduated according to the 

 tolerance of the sheep. Either some person should subject themselves 

 to the same fumigations, or a very close watch should be maintained in 

 order to prevent the lambs suffocating. 



Tracheal injections. — The method of treatment by tracheal injections 

 promises much better results, but should only be practiced by a relia- 

 ble veterinarian, who can oversee the results and take all necessary pre- 

 cautions. The method has been detailed in the Second Annual Report 

 of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1885, page 284. It consists of intro- 

 ducing remedies directly into the trachea by means of a hypodermic 

 syringe which cause the death of the parasites. The medicines thus 

 introduced have an opportunity of acting upon the parasites directly, 

 before they are all absorbed by the mucous membrane ot the air pas- 

 sages. There is no reason to doubt that they may have even a second- 

 ary effect after their absorption if they are naturally thrown off by the 

 mucous membrane of the air-passages and the epithelium of the alveoli, 

 which is the case with most volatile substances. 



The method of tracheal injections was first tried by Gohier in the early part of the 

 present century, after learning experimentally that considerable quantities of liquid 

 can be introduced into the trachea without producing suffocation. Delafond some 



