cleistocarpous 
Coalitio 
by rupture, a cleistothecium ; cleis- 
tocarp’ous, applied to those Mosses 
whose capsules do not open by a 
lid; cleistogam’ic, cleistog’amous 
(yémos, marriage), with close fertil- 
ization, it taking place within the 
unopened flowers; Cleistog’amy, 
the condition described ; Cleis’tog- 
ene (yévos, offspring), a plant which 
bears cleistogamous flowers (Cro- 
zier) ; Cleistog’eny, bearing cleisto- 
gamic flowers ; adj. cleistog’enous ; 
Pseudo~; Hansgirg’s term for an 
intermediate condition, the flowers 
being normal, but not opening, and 
pollination taking place within the 
closed perianth; Cleistothe’cium 
(Onxn, @ case), an ascocarp which 
remains closed till decay or rupture 
sets free the ascospores, a cleisto- 
carp ; Clest’ines, large parenchyma- 
tous cells in which raphides are 
frequently deposited. 
Climacorhi’zae («Atuaé, a ladder, pifa, a 
root), Van Tieghem’s term for Gym- 
nosperms and all Dicotyledons ex- 
cept the Nymphaeaceae, their root- 
hairs having an epidermal origin. 
Cli‘mbing, ascending by using other 
objects as supports. 
Clinand’rium (x\ivn, a bed; dvi, 
dvdpos, @ man), the anther-bed in 
Orchids, that part of the column in 
which the anther is concealed ; 
Clinanth’ium (dvdos, a flower), the 
receptacle in Compositae ; Clinid’- 
ium, the stalk supporting a stylo- 
spore ; Clinosporang’ium (o7ropa, a 
seed ; dyyelov, a vessel), a synonym 
of Pycnip1UM ; Cli‘nospore=StTyYLo- 
SPORE; Cli‘nium, (1) the receptacle 
of a Composite flower; (2) the 
sporophore of some Fungi ; Cli’nos- 
tat = Kiinostar. 
clock’ wise = dextrorse. 
Clona’rium + (xAwv, a little branch), 
the ripe, spiral-coated nucule of 
Chara. 
Close Fertiliza’tion, fecundation by its 
own pollen. 
closed, used of those fibro-vascular 
bundles in which all the pro-cam- 
biumcells become permanent tissue ; 
55 
~Bundles, as described, so that in- 
crease is prevented ; ~ Fertiliza’tion 
=CLosgz FERtILizaTion; ~ Flow’ers, 
are cleistogamic Flowers; ~ Nuw’- 
cleus, that of the higher plants. 
Clo’sing Mem’brane, the original un- 
thickened cell-wall at the centre 
of a pit. 
Clo'ster, Clo’ strum (kAworip, a spindle), 
elongated cells, pointed at each end, 
frequent in wood. 
cloud’ed, when colours are unequally 
blended. 
Clove, a gardener’s name for a young 
bulb developed round the mother- 
bulb, as in garlic. 
Club, a pluricellular hair, one of the 
elements of the pulp of the orange 
or lemon fruit (Crozier); club- 
shaped, gradually thickened up- 
ward from a slender base, clavate ; 
Club-root, malformation in Cruci- 
fers caused by Plasmodiophora 
Brassicae, Woron.; Clubb’ing, is a 
synonym. 
Clus’ter, (1) old name for raceme, as 
used by John Hill ; (2)= VascunaR 
Bunpie; clust‘ered, compactly 
gathered together, as the flower of 
Cuscuta, 
cly’peate, clypea’tus (clypeus, a round 
shield), buckler or shield-shaped ; 
clypeastriform’is (forma, shape), 
clypeola’'ris, cly’peiform, clypei- 
JSorm’is, all denote shield-shaped. 
coacerv ate, coacerva’tus (Lat., heaped 
up), clustered. 
coad’nate, coadna’tus (coadunatus, 
athered into one); (1) an equiva- 
ae of ADNATE ; (2) cohering ; (3) 
connate. 
coaeta’neous (coaetaneo, to be of the 
same age), existing or appearing at 
the same time. 
Coales’cence (coalesco, to grow to- 
gether), the act of growing to- 
gether ; ~ of Cells, the absorption 
or disappearance of partitioning 
cell-walls, as in the formation of 
vessels; coales’cent,  coalesc’ens, 
union by growth. 
Coalit’io (coalitus, fellowship), the 
growth together of parts, as the 
