dwarf 
Ectoplasm 
dwarf, of small size or height com- 
pared with its allies; ~ Male, a 
short lived filament of a few cells, 
in Oedogoniaceae, the upper cells 
being antheridia. 
Dyas’ter (6vo, double, dcrip, a star), 
the stage of nuclear division when 
the rays of linin split longitudinal- 
ly and two stars are formed which 
move apart, ending with the forma- 
tion of daughter-skeins ; dyblas’tus 
(BAacros, a bud), two-celled, ap- 
plied to Lichenspores ; Dycle’sium, 
or Dyclo’sium, see DICLESIUM. 
dynamic (dvvayis, power), applied to 
tissue which is capable of strongly 
swelling on one side; Dy‘namis, 
used by Linnaeus to express the 
degree of development of stamens, 
as Didynamia, and Tetradynamia, 
applied to flowers where respec- 
tively two and four stamens have 
longer filaments than the remain- 
ing two. 
dyploste’monous = DIPLOSTEMONOUS. 
dyploste’gia = DIPLOSTEGIA. 
dysgeog’enous (duc, i.e. bad, yf, the 
earth, yervaw, I bring forth), em- 
ployed by Thurmann for those 
plants growing on soils which do 
not readily yield detritus, hard 
rocks generally, such as granite ; 
Dysteleol’ogy (7éAos, completion, 
Aéyos, discourse), frustration of 
function; as where an insect ob- 
tains honey by puncturing a nectary 
instead of by the ‘floral opening ; 
adj., dysteleolog’ic,~cal; Dystele- 
ol’ogist, an agent which evades the 
teleologic end, as a bee which ob- 
tains honey by means which do 
not conduce to fertilization. 
e, ex, in Latin compounds, privative, 
as ecostate, without ribs. 
Ear, the spike of corn ; ear-formed, 
(Loudon), eared, auriculate. 
ebe’neous, black as ebony, the heart- 
wood of Diospyros Hbenum, Koen. 
ebeta’ tus = HEBETATUS. 
ebori’nus (eboreus, made of ivory), 
ivory-like, or ivory-white. 
ebrac’teate, ebractea’tus, (e, priv. 
83 
bractea, a bract), without bracts; 
ebrac’teolate, ebracteola’tus, desti- 
tute of bracteoles. 
eburn’eous, -eus (Lat. of ivory), ivory 
white, white more or less tinged 
with yellow. 
ecale’arate, ecalcara’tus (e, priv., cal- 
car, & spur), spurless; ecaud’al 
(cauda, » tail), without a tail or 
similar appendage. 
Ecblaste’sis (éx, out of, ddorn, 
growth), the appearance of buds 
within a flower, prolification of 
the inflorescence. 
eccentric = EXCENTRIC, 
echlor’ophyllose (e, priv.,-+CHLORO 
PHYLL), without chlorophyll ; scari- 
ous; ech’inate, echina’tus (Lat., 
prickly), beset with prickles; 
echin'ulate, echinula’tus, having 
diminutive prickles. 
Ecid'ium (Crozier) = AECIDIUM. 
Ech’ma, pl. Ech’mata (éxua, a sup- 
ort), the hardened hook-shaped 
‘unicle in most Acanthaceae which 
supports the seed; cf. Retinacu- 
LUM (3). 
Ecology, etc., see OECOLOGY. 
Econom'ic Botany (olkos, a house, 
voutxds, resting on laws), applied 
botany, that branch which takes 
note of technical application of 
plants and plant-products. 
ecort’icate, ecortica’tus (e, priv., cor- 
tec, bark), destitute of bark, or 
bark-like covering ; ecos’tate, ecos- 
ta'tus (costa, a rib), without ribs, 
nerveless; ecrusta’ceous (crusta, 
rind, + aceous), destitute of thallus, 
applied to Lichens. 
ectogen’ic (éxrds, outside, yévos, off- 
spring), capable of living outside 
of a given body, as certain bacilli; 
Ectopar’asite (+ PARASITE), a para- 
site which remains on the exterior of 
its host, only sending its haustoria 
within ; opposed to ENDOPARASITE ; 
ectophloeo’des (fdas bark), living 
on the surface or bark of other 
plants as some Lichens ; Ect’oplasm 
(1iaopa, moulded), a delicate, firm, 
superficial layer of the cytoplasm 
or general protoplasm of the cell, 
