Fermentation 
fiddle-shaped 
ferments, particularized as ace’tic 
~, produced by Bacterium Aceti, 
Lanzi; alcohol’ic ~, by yeast, 
and similar organisms ; butyr’ic~, 
by a Vibrio; lac’tic ~, by which 
sugars are turned into acids; an- 
other classification is (1) diastat’ic 
~ , converting starch into sugar ; (2) 
ferments which decompose gluco- 
sides with production of sugar, 
such as emulsin; (3) ferments 
which convert cane-sugar into glu- 
cose, as invertase; (4) and those 
which convert proteids into 
peptones, or peptic ~, such as 
papain. 
Ferrobacte’ria (/ferrwm, iron, + Bac- 
TERIUM), bacteria which oxidize 
ferrous to ferric salts. 
ferrugin’eous, -eus, ferru’ginous, fer- 
rugino’sus (ferrugo, rust), rust- 
coloured ; ferruginas’cens (Lat.), 
becoming rusty ; Ferru’go (Lat.), a 
disease in plants known also as 
“Rust,” due to the Uredo stage of 
various species of Puccinia. 
fer’tile, fert'ilis (Lat.), capable of pro- 
ducing fruit; ~ Flow’ers, female 
flowers, those which possess pistils ; 
~ Sta’mens, those bearing pollen 
which fecundates the ovules ; Fer- 
tiliza’tion, Fertilisa’tio, see Supple- 
ment; cf. PoLLInatIon; ~ Tube, 
the channel by which gonoplasm 
passes from the antheridium to 
the oogonium in Peronosporeae ; 
Close ~, breeding in-and-in, or 
successive progeny of closely re- 
lated parents ; Cross ~, progeny by 
other forms not of close affinity. 
ferula’ceous, ferula’ceus (Lat.) (1) re- 
sembling the genus Ferula ; (2) per- 
taining to reeds or canes, or being 
formed like them, hollow. 
Fervida'rium (fervidus, boiling hot), 
applied in botanic gardens to the 
Stove. 
fes'tucine, straw-coloured, as the dry 
culm of Festuca ; fes’tucous, formed 
of straw. 
fe’tidus = FOETIDUS. 
Fi’bre, Fibra (Lat.), (1) a fine thread 
or filament, chambered or woody; 
100 
(2) the fusiform cells of the inner 
bark; (8) the ultimate rootlets ; 
elementary ~ , the thread in a spiral 
vessel, secondary deposit in a spiral; 
fibriform (forma, shape), fibre- 
shaped; Fi/bril, Fibrill’a, diminu- 
tive of Fisre; ~ of Nu'cleus = 
CHROMOSOME; fi'brillate, fibril- 
la’tus, fi’brillose, fi’brillous, fibrillo’- 
sus, furnished with fibres, as roots, 
or having a finely lined appearance ; 
~ Lay’er, two outer layers of closely 
woven hyphae in Geaster ; ~ Myce’- 
lium = Frsrovus Myceiium ; Fi’brin 
(vegetable), occurs in gluten, has 
no fibrous structureas animal fibrin, 
but forms when dry a tough, horny 
mass; fi’bro-cel’lular, ‘‘ composed 
of spiral cells” ; ~ va’sal (Crozier) 
~ vascular, tissue of mixed 
vessels and fibres; ~ Bun‘dle, 
or Vascular Bundle, an association 
of vessels characteristic of the 
higher plants, usually consisting 
of phloém and xylem elements, 
often surrounded by a special layer 
of cells known as the bundle-sheath; 
~ Cord, proposed by Strasburger 
for the similar structure in mono- 
cotyledons ; ~ Cyl’inder, the central 
cylinder; ~ Sys’tem, the whole of 
the fibrous portion of a plant, ex- 
clusive of the purely cellular struc- 
tures ; Fibrole’in, Fayod’s term for 
a very delicate membrane of the 
spirals of protoplasm (hyaloplasm) ; 
fi’brous, fi'brose, jibro’sus, having 
much woody fibre, as the rind of 
a Coco-nut; Fi’brous - myce’lium, 
when the hyphae form long branch- 
ing strands ; Fi’brose, Frémy’s term 
for the substance of woody fibre, a 
variety of cellulose. 
Fi’brosin, a reserve substance re- 
sembling Frerosz, found by Zopf 
in the conidia of certain Fungi, 
in the form of rounded flattened 
discs, embedded in the protoplasm ; 
~ Bod‘ies, the discs described ; 
fi’bry, used by Loudon for FrrBrovs. 
Fi’bula (Lat., a buckle), a cylindrical 
podetium, terminated by apothecia, 
fid’dle-shaped, panduriform. 
