tomentulose 
trabecular 
wool, or short hairs; tomen’tulose, 
slightly tomentose; Tomen’tum 
(Lat., cushioning), (1) pubescence ; 
(2) t mycelium. 
tomip’arous (réu7n, » cutting, pario, 
I produce), Bory applies the term 
to all plants which reproduce 
themselves by fission; Tom'iange 
(dyyetov, a vessel), the organ which 
produces Tomizs; Tom‘ie, pl. 
Tom’ies, Van Tieghem’s name for 
asexual reproductive bodies which 
are neither Sporges nor Diopes, 
living cells which do not arise from 
an adult stage, but produce an 
adult individual direct ; Tom’‘iogone 
(yévos, offspring), the organ which 
produces Tomizs. 
Tongue = LicuLe; tongue-shaped, 
long, nearly fiat, fleshy and 
rounded at the tip, as the leaves 
of some Aloes. 
Ton’oplast (révos, strain, macros, 
moulded), De Vries’s term for a 
vacuolar living membrane, con- 
trolling the pressure of the cell- 
sap; Tonotax'is (rats, order), 
sensitiveness to osmotic variation 
(Beyerinck). 
Tooth, see TEETH ; toothed, dentate; 
Tooth’let, a small or secondary 
tooth ; tooth’letted, finely denticu- 
late (Lindley). 
top-shaped, inversely conical. 
Topia’ria, pl. (Lat.), ornamental gar- 
dening ; topia’rian, topiary, relat- 
ing to the same, especially used of 
trees and shrubs clipped into formal 
shapes. 
top’ical (romxos, local), local, confined 
to a limited area. 
topha’ceous, = TOFACEUS (2). 
Tor’als (torus, a bed), Bessey’s pro- 
posed name for THALAMIFLORAE. 
torfa’ceus, twrfo'sus (Henslow), grow- 
ing in bogs. 
torn, when marginal incisions are 
deep and irregular. 
to’rose, toro’sus (Lat., fleshy, brawny), 
cylindric, with contractions or 
swellings at intervals ; the diminu- 
tive is torulo’sus. 
Tor’sion, a spiral twisting or bend- 
ing; a’pical ~, lateral displace- 
ment of the segments of the apical 
cell in certain Mosses, resulting in 
the twisting of the resultant stem 
(Correns) ; antid’romous ~, against 
the direction of twining, as may 
be caused by friction of support ; 
homod’romous ~ ,in the same direc- 
tion as twining, the internode 
gyrating in the same way ; Torsion- 
sym'metry( + Symmetry), Schuett’s 
term for those Diatoms whose valves 
are twisted ; torsi’vus (Mod. Lat., 
squeezed out), spirally twisted, not 
quite as in contorted, there being no 
obliquity in the insertion, as in the 
petals of Orchis ; tor’tilis (Lat., 
twisted), susceptible of twisting ; 
tor’tus, twisted; tortuous, tor- 
tuo’sus, bent or twisted in different 
directions. 
torula’ceous (+ aceous); tor’uloid, 
resembling the genus Torula, Pers. 
tor’ulose, torwo’sus (torulus, muscular 
part), cylindric, with swollen 
portions at intervals, somewhat 
moniliform; ~ Bud’ding, increasing 
by budding as yeast. 
Tor’'us (Lat., a bed), the receptacle 
of a flower, that portion of the 
axis on which the parts of the 
flower are inserted; when elongated 
it becomes the GoNoPpHORE and 
GYNOPHORE; ~ of Pits, the thicken- 
ing of the closing membrane in 
bordered pits. 
Touch’wood, decayed wood due to 
fungus-mycelium, formerly used 
as tinder. 
Toxin (roécxoy, poison), a poisonous 
secretion by certain Fungi, which 
kills the cells of the host-plant and 
facilitates parasitism. 
Trabec'ula, pl. Trabec’ulae (Lat., a 
little beam), a cross-bar, ’‘(1) the 
transverse bars of the teeth of the 
peristome in Mosses ; (2) plates of 
tissue forming partial septa in the 
microsporangium of Jsoétes ; (3) the 
lacunar tissue in Selaginella, be- 
tween the cortex and the central 
bundle; trabec’ular, like a cross- 
bar; ~ Duct, ~ Ves’sel, a vessel 
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