Betulase 
(SUPPLEMENT) 
bivalent 
become fleshy and fused, as in 
Juniperus. 
Bet’ulase, the same enzyme as GAUL- 
THEKASE, but obtain+d from the 
bark of Betula lenta, Linn. ; Betule’- 
tum, a plant association of birch 
trees (Clements). 
Bianco’ni’s Plate, a plexus of scleren- 
chymatous fibres near the vascular 
bundles towards the concave or 
sensitive face of tendrils ; s0 termed 
by Borzi after the discoverer. 
Biastrep’sis (S:dw, I force, orpéyrs, the 
act of turning), (1) C. Schimper’s 
term for Torsion ; (2) the transi- 
tion from decussate to spiral 
phyllotaxis (De Vries). 
biax’ial (+ Axis), used of a spore 
germinating at both enda (S. 
Moore) ; Bicar’pals, proposed by 
Bessey for the Bicarpella’tae of 
Bentham and Hooker, a series of 
gamopetalous Phanerogams (cf. 
Gen. Pl. ii. pp. vi.-vii.) ; the latter 
term also used by Boulger to 
embrace the majority of Gamo- 
petalae with Umbelliferae ; bicar’- 
pellate, having a two-celled fruit ; 
Dicel’‘lular, of two cells; bico- 
tyle’donary, having two seed-lobes, 
more correctly called DICOTYLEDON- 
ous; bichron’ic, (xpévos, time), 
applied to an equation, in which 
the mutations multiplied by the 
intervals of time, equal the biologic 
time (De Vries). 
biddulph’ioid, («léos, like), resembling 
the genus of Diatoms, Biddulphia. 
bignonia’ceous, resembling or allied 
to the genus Bignonia. 
Bilat/eralism (latus, lateris, a side), 
having similar or bilateral sym- 
metry, taken by L. H. Bailey as 
the type of animal evolution ; 
Bilateral’ity, means the same, 
Biochem‘ist, an expert in the 
chemistry of living organisms ; 
Biochemistry, the branch of 
chemistry concerned with biology ; 
biogeograph’ic, (+ GEOGRAPHIC) 
concerned with the distribution of 
living forms over the world; 
biolog’ical Spe’cies, those species 
which differ only by their physio- 
logical behaviour, being morpho- 
logically identical; Biomol’ecule 
(+ MoLEcvzz), a living molecule ; 
adj. biomolec’ular ; Biomon’ad, a 
symbiotic system of biomores; 
when very complex it constitutes a 
cell; Bi’omore an aggregation of 
biomolecules, living particles 
(these three terms are due to 
Giglio-Tos) ; Bioph’agism (ddyu, I 
eat), the absorption and digestion 
of the matter of living organisms 
(Boulger) ; adj. bioph’agous ; 
Bi’ophyte (gurév, a plant), a bio- 
phagous plant; bioplasmat‘ic, re- 
lating to BiopLasm; Bioplas’son 
(rhdoow, I mould), Elsberg’s pro- 
posed emendation of Biopiasm; 
Bi’os, a substance so termed by 
Wildiers, as indispensable to the 
development of fermentation. 
Bio’sis (Bios, the act of living), 
the state of vital activity ; life 
(Escombe); biot’ic, vital; ~ Fac’tors, 
the relation of plants to each other 
from an oecologic standpoint. 
biova’rial (+ Ovany), derived from 
the ovaries of the same plant 
(Pearson). 
bipo’lar (+ PoLAR), having two poles ; 
Bipolar'ity, (1) the condition of 
possessing two poles; (2) in distri- 
bution when the same species is 
found towards the north and south 
poles, but is wanting in intermedi- 
ate regions. 
bis’cuit-shaped, when used in trans- 
lations from the German, means 
oblong, and slightly constricted in 
the middle. 
bisporang’iate (+ SPoRANGIUM), used 
of Ephedra when possessing two 
sporangia in place of one. 
bistip’ular. bistipulate ; biteg’minous 
(tegmen, a cover), used of ovules 
possessing double integuments; 
the condition is Biteg’miny 
(Balfour), 
bityp’ic (réros, a type), applied to 
those genera which consist of two 
widely separated species ; bivalent 
(valens, strong), having hypotheti- 
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