APPENDIX A 
SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS 
© annual, usually monocarpic, 
@) strictly annual. 
® or © biennial. 
Y perennial. 
h a tree or with a woody trunk. 
d male; 2 female; % or 
hermaphrodite (used when it is 
exceptional). 
co indefinite, employed when the 
number is too great to be easily 
counted, as stamens or ovules. 
x hybrid ; also used to denote the 
magnifying power. 
! seen by the author: thus Aotus 
villosa, Sm.!, means that the type 
specimen, or a specimen ticketed by 
Smith has been verified by inspec- 
tion ; if appended to a collector’s 
number, that is verified, as Bur- 
chell 3641 ! 
* employed in divers senses, as (1) by 
Linnaeus, De Candolle and others 
to indicate that a good description 
or figure will be found at the place 
cited ; (2) when between the speci- 
fic name and a third appended 
name, denotes a subspecies ; (3) in 
an index, shows that the genus, 
species or variety, was ostensibly 
first published at the place in- 
dexed. 
+ an obscure or doubtful species. 
§ section, the division of a genus. 
= equals, the sign of a synonym. 
°7 or’ have been used for 
feet, inches, and lines respectively. 
w micromillimeter, the one - thou- 
sandth of a millimeter. 
The position of the cotyledons of 
Cruciferae in the seed are denoted 
thus: o=, accumbent; ol, in- 
cumbent; <<o, conduplicate ; 
© || |, spirolobous ; 0 || || || for those 
of the Diplecolobeae, 
char. character. 
cm. centimeter. 
fem, JSeminea, female. 
fl. Jfios or floret. 
fr. Sructus or fruit. 
gen. genus. 
Hab. Habitatio, habitat. 
Hb.,Herb. Herbarium, as Herb. 
Lugd. Bat., the Herb- 
arium of the Leyden 
University. 
ineditus, unpublished ; it 
either remains in manu- 
script or is about to be 
published. 
Ic. Icon, pl. Icones, figures ; 
Ic, xyl., a woodcut. 
Le. loco citato, in the place 
mentioned ; ll. ec. locts 
citatis, in the places 
mentioned; to avoid 
repetition of titles. 
Lin, a line in measurement, 
linea, the twelfth of an 
inch, 
in. meter or metre, 
masculus, male. 
millimeter, the one thou- 
sandth of a meter. 
n. numerus, Dumber. 
Nat. Ord. Natural Order, Ordo natu. 
ralis, 
Pp. pagina, page. 
ined. 
365 
