APPENDIX 
p-p. pro parte, partly ; on the 
title-page of a thesis it 
stands for publice pro- 
ponit, 
sp. species ; spp. two or more 
species. 
tabula, plate; t. some- 
times, but rarely, means 
tomus, volume. 
vidi siccam cultam, I have 
seen a dried cultivated 
specimen. 
vidi siccam spontaneam, 
I have seen a dried wild 
specimen. 
vidi mvam cultam, I have 
seen a living cultivated 
specimen. 
V.V.8. vidi vivam spontaneam, 
I have seen a living wild 
specimen. 
Names of authors when long are 
properly abbreviated by giving the 
t. or tab. 
MENS 
first syllable and the first consonant 
of the second, as Lam. for Lamarck ; 
when there are more of the same 
name, an initial or other sign is 
added. The latest list is to be 
found in Gray’s ‘‘ Botanical Text- 
book,” ed. 6, p. 385-390. 
Special signs will be found in many 
works, but their use is usually ex- 
plained, as in Kichler’s ‘‘ Bluthendia- 
ramme.” For longer lists refer to 
andolle (A. P. de) “Systema Vege- 
tabilium,” i. p. 12, 18; Trattinick 
(L.) ‘‘Synodus ” i. p. 13, 14; Loudon 
(J. C.) ‘‘ Hortus Britannicus,” ‘ En- 
cyclopedia of Plants,” and ‘‘ Arbore- 
tum”; Lindley (J.) ‘‘ Introduction 
to Botany,” ed. 1, p. 422-431. The 
meaning of chemical signs, such as 
CO, for carbon dioxide, H, O, water, 
and the like, must be obtained froma 
text-book of chemistry. 
APPENDIX’ B 
THE PRONUNCIATION OF LATIN AND LATINIZED WORDS 
The old or traditional method is as follows :— 
a short, as in fat, 
a long, as in gave, 
e a pet. e 3 evil. 
i 5 thin. i 59 ice. 
° 5 not. [) 5s note. 
u 5 tub. u i tube. 
cygnet. y 35 cypress. 
” 
ae, oe, as in feet, ei as in eye, au as in bawl. 
cand g hard before a, 0, u ; soft before e, i, y; chask, 
The modern or continental method :— 
a short, as in Apart. 
e 3 lend. 
at ae thin. 
to) a not. 
3 full. 
a long, as in psalm. 
e 3 vein. 
i 55 seen, 
{e) or note, 
u rule, 
u ” 
y short, like German ii, and French u. 
ae, oe, el, practically as in pain. 
au as in house. 
cand g 
366 
always hard, as in cut and good, 
ch as in Christian. 
