106 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 
SPLEEN. 
What disturbances of circulation are to be seen in the spleen ? 
Anzmia. In which condition the cut surface of the spleen is apt 
to look dry and pale. 
Hyperemia. Due usually to an obstruction of the portal circulation. 
The cut surface is red and may be soft or firm. If the hyperemia is 
of long standing there is an increase of interstitial connective tissue. 
Acute congestion. The capsule is tense and the pulp soft and red. 
Infarction of spleeen. Due to embolism. The infarctions are 
usually wedge shaped. At first red in color later they may become 
pale. If the infarction is due to an infectious embolism there may be 
suppuration. . 
Name the inflammations of the spleen. 
Acute hyperplastic splenitis. 
Suppurative splenitis. 
Chronic indurative splenitis. 
Tubercular splenitis. 
Syphilitic splenitis. 
What are the changes in acute hyperplastic splenitis ? 
The organ is enlarged and the pulp soft. Minute examination shows 
the enlargement to be due to a hyperemia. There may be a swelling 
and an increase in the number of cells in the spleen pulp, and in the 
Malpighian nodes. The new cells may be large and multi-nucleated, 
or resemble the ovoidal and polyhedral cells of the pulp. Cells resembl- 
ing leucocytes may be present in large numbers. The cells lining the 
cavernous veins may be increased in number or may be swollen. 
Describe suppurative splenitis. 
The changes are due probably to the presence of infectious emboli, 
and the changes are similar to those changes found in this type of 
inflammation in other parts. The spleen pulp may be so degenerated 
that it is changed to a soft, purulent mass enclosed in the spleen 
capsule. 
What are the changes in chronic indurative splenitis ? 
There is a formation of new connective tissue. The spleen may be 
enlarged or be of normal size. The consistence is usually firmer. 
There may bea hyperplasia of both pulp and trabecular tissue. The 
‘parenchyma cells may be increased in size and number, and the cells 
lining the cavernous veins increased in number. The reticular structure 
imay be swollen. 
