42 FUNGI. 
striugs, slightly attached to each other,* and breaking off at the 
summit at the same time that they continue to be produced at 
the base, so that for some time there is a successive production 
of spores. The spermogonia are not always readily detected, as 
they are much smaller than the peridia, and sometimes precede 
them. The spermatia are expelled from the lacerated and 
fringed apices, and are very minute and colourless. In Restelia 
the peridia are large, growing in company, and splitting longi- 
tudinally in many cases, or by a lacerated mouth. In most in- 
stances, the spores are brownish, but in a splendid species from 
North America (Restelia aurantiaca, Peck), recently charac- 
terized, they are of a bright orange. If Cirsted is correct in 
his observations, which await confirmation, these species are all 
related to species of Podisoma as a secondary form of fruit.t 
In the Restelia of the pear-tree, as well as in that of the moun- 
tain ash, the spermogonia will be found either in separate tufts 
on discoloured spots, or associated with the Restelia. In Perie 
dermium there is very little structural difference from Restelia, 
and the species are all found on coniferous trees. In Endo- 
phyllum, the peridia are immersed in the succulent substance of 
the matrix; whilst in Graphiola, there is a tougher and withal 
double peridium, the inner of which form a tuft of erect threads 
resembling a small brush.t 
Hypuomycetes.—The predominant feature in the structure of 
this order has already been intimated to consist in the develop- 
ment of the vegetative system under the form of simple or 
branched threads, on which the fruit is generated. The common 
name of mould is applied to them perhaps more generally than 
to other groups, although the term is too vague, and has been 
too vaguely applied to be of much service in giving an idea of 
the characteristics of this order. Leaving the smaller groups, 
and confining ourselves to the Dematiei and the Mucedines, we 
* Corda, ‘‘Icones Fungorum,” vol. iii. fig. 45. 
+ Cooke, ‘‘On Podisoma,” in ‘‘ Quekett Journal,” vol. ii. p. 255. 
¢ It may be a question whether Graphiola is not more nearly allied to 
Trichocoma (Jungh Fl. Crypt. Jave, p. 10, f. 7) than to the genera with which 
it is usually associated. —M. J. B. 
