STRUCTURE, 49 
Some remain narrow and cylindrical, are very numerous, and 
produce fine hairs (paraphyses) ; others, also very numerous, take 
the form of club-like ampulla cells, and each one forms in its 
interior eight free swimming oval spores. Those ampulla cells 
are sporidiiferous asci. After the spores have become ripe, the 
free point of the utricle bursts, and the spores are scattered to a 
great distance by a mechanism which we will not here further 
describe. New ampullas push themselves between those which 
are ripening and withering ; a disc can, under favourable circum- 
stances, always form new asci for weeks at a time. The num- 
ber of the already described utricle-bearers is different, accord- 
ing to the size of the sclerotium; smaller specimens usually 
produce only one, larger two to four. The size is regulated 
by that of the sclerotia, and ranges, in full-grown specimens, 
between one and more millimetres for the length of the stalk, 
and a half to three (seldom more) millimetres for the breadth of 
the disc.* For some time the conidia form, belonging to the 
Mucedines, has been known as Botrytis cinerea (or Polyactis 
cinerea). The compact mycelium, or sclerotium, as an im- 
perfect fungus, bore the name of Sclerotium echinatum, whilst to 
the perfect and cup-like form has been given the name of Peziza 
Fuckeliana. We have reproduced De Bary’s life-history of this 
mould here, as an illustration of structure in the Dfucedines, but 
hereafter we shall have to write of similar transformations when 
treating of polymorphism. 
The form of the threads, and the form and disposition of the 
spores, vary according to the genera of which this order is com- 
posed. In O:diwm the mostly simple threads break up into 
joints. Many of the former species are now recognized as con- 
ditions of Erysiphe. In Aspergillus, the threads are simple and 
erect, with a globose head, around which are clustered chains of 
simple spores. In Peniciliiwm, the lower portion of the threads is 
simple, but they are shortly branched at the apex, the branches 
being terminated by necklaces of minute spores. In Dactylium, 
* De Bary, ‘‘On Mildew and Fermentation,” p. 25, reprinted from “ German 
Quarterly Magazine,’ 1872; De Bary, ‘‘ Morphologie und Physiologie der 
Tilze,”” (1866), 201 
