72 FUNGI. 
divided into Ustilagines* and Uredines.t In the former, the 
pseudospores are: mostly dingy brown or blackish, and in the 
latter more brightly coloured, often yellowish. The Ustilagines 
include the smuts and bunt of corn-plants, the Uredines 
include the red rusts of wheat and grasses. In some of the 
species included in the latter, two forms of fruit are found. 
In Melampsora, the summer pseudospores are yellow, globose, 
and were formerly classed as a species of Lecythea, whilst 
the winter pseudospores are brownish, elongated, wedge- 
shaped by compression, and compact. The Puccinie:{ ditter 
primarily in the septate pseudospores, which in one genus 
(Puccinia) are uniseptate ; in Triphragmium, they are biseptate ; 
in Phragmidium, multiseptate; and in Xenodochus, moniliform, 
breaking up into distinct articulations. It is probable that, in 
all of these, as is known to be the case in most, the septate 
pseudospores are preceded or accompanied by simple pseudo- 
spores, to which they are mysteriously related. There is still 
another, somewhat singular, group usually associated with the 
Puccinigzi, in which the septate pseudospores are immersed in 
gelatin, so that in many features the species seem to approach 
the Tremellini. This group includes two or three genera, the 
type of which will be found in Podisoma.§ These fungi are 
parasitic on living junipers in Britain and North America, 
appearing year after year upon the same gouty swellings of the 
branches, in clavate or horn-shaped gelatinous processes of a 
yellowish or orange colour. Anomalous as it may at first sight 
appear to include these tremelloid forms with the dust-like fungi, 
their relations will on closer examination be more fully appre- 
ciated, when the form of pseudospores, mode of germination, and 
other features are taken into consideration, especially when 
compared with Podisoma Ellisii, already alluded to. This family 
is technically characterized as,— 
* Tulasne, ‘‘ Mémoire sur les Ustilaginées,” “Ann. des Sci. Nat.” (1847), vii. 
12-73. 
+ Tulasne, ‘‘ Mémoire sur les Urédinées,” “Ann. des Sci. Nat.” (1854), ii. 78. 
t Tulasne, ‘‘ Sur les Urédinées,” ‘‘ Ann. des Sci. Nat.” 1854, ii. pl. 9. 
§ Cooke, M. C.,‘* Notes on Podisoma,” in ‘‘ Journ. Quek. Micr. Club,” No. 17 
(1871), p. 255. 
