136 FUNGI. 
sion of sporidia by swelling tho gelatinous nucleus, it may 
be assumed that this is one of the causes of expulsion, and 
therefore of aids to dissemination. When Spherig are submitted 
to extra moisture, either by placing the twig which bears them 
on damp sand, or dipping one end in a vessel of water, the 
sporidia will exude and form a gelatinous bead at the orifice. 
There may be other methods, and possibly the successive pro- 
duction of new asci may also be one, and the increase in bulk 
by growth of the sporidia another; but of this the evidence is 
scanty. 
Finally, Ooconta may be mentioned as occurring in such 
genera as Peronospora amongst moulds, Cystopus amongst 
Uredines, and the Saprolegniacee amongst the Physomycetes. 
The zoospores being furnished with vibratile cilia, are for some 
time active, and need only water in which to disseminate them- 
selves, and this is furnished by rain. 
We have briefly indicated the characteristics of some of the 
more important types of spores to be found in fungi, and some 
of the modes by which it is known, or presumed, that their 
dissemination takes place. In this summary we have been com- 
pelled to rest content with suggestions, since an exhaustive essay 
would have occupied considerable space. The variability in the 
fruit of fungi, in so far as we have failed to demonstrate, will be 
found exhibited in the illustrated works devoted more especially 
to the minute species.* 
* Corda, ‘‘Icones Fungorum,” 6 vols, (1837-1842) ; Sturm, ‘* Deutschlands 
Flora,” Pilze (1841); Tulacne, ‘‘ Selecta Fungorum Carpologia;” Bischoff, 
‘Kryptogamenkunde ” (1860) ; Corda, ‘‘ Anleitung zum Studium der Myko- 
logie ” (1842) ; Fresenius, ‘‘ Beitriize zur Mykologie” (1850); Nees von Esen- 
heck, ‘‘ Das Sys‘em der Pilze” (1816) ; Bonorden, ‘‘ Handbuch der Allgemeinen 
Mykologie” (1851). 
