148 FUNGI. 
pretended spores, he writes, are formed of two large conical cells, 
opposed by their base and easily separating. They vary in length. 
The membrane of which they are formed is thin and completely 
colourless in most of them, though much thicker and coloured 
brown in others. It is principally the spores with thin mem- 
branes that emit from near the middle very obtuse tubes, into 
which by degrees, as they elongate, the contents of the parent 
utricles pass. Each of the two cells of the supposed spore may 
originate néar its base four of these tubes, opposed to each other 
at their point of origin, and their subsequent direction ; but it is 
rather rare for eight tubes, two by two, to decussate from the 
same spore or basidium. Usually there are only two or three 
Fic. 88.—Germinating pseudospores of Podisoma Juniperi. (Tulasne.) 
which are completely developed, and these tend together towards 
the surface of the fungus, which they pass, and expand at liberty 
in the air. The tubes generally become thicker by degrees as 
they elongate, some only slightly exceeding the length of the 
protospores. Others attain three or four times that length, 
according to the greater or less distance between the protospore 
and the surface of the plant. In the longest tubes it is easy to 
observe how the colouring matter passes to their outer extremity, 
closely Puccinia, from which it is chiefly distinguished by its revivescent 
character. 
