998 FUNGI. 
Fruit trees do not wholly escape, for Restelia cancellata, Tul., 
attacks the leaves of the pear. Puccinia prunorum affects the 
leaves of almost all the varieties of plum. Blisters caused by 
Ascomyces deformans, B., contort the leaves of peaches, as Asco- 
myces bullatus, B., does those of the pear, and Ascomyces jug- 
landis, B., those of the walnut. Happily we do not at present 
suffer from Ascomyces pruni, Fchl., which, on the Continent, 
attacks young plum-fruits, causing them to shrivel and fall. 
During the past year pear-blossoms have suffered from what seems 
to be a form of Helminthosporium pyrorum, and the branches are 
sometimes infected with Capnodium elongatum ; but orchards in 
the United States have a worse foe in the “ black knot,” * which 
causes gouty swellings in the branches, and is caused by the 
Spheria morbosa of Schweinitz. 
Cotton plants in India t were described by Dr. Shortt as 
subject to the attacks of a kind of mildew, which from the 
description appeared to be a species of Erysiphe, but on receiv- 
ing specimens from India for examination, we found it to be 
one of those diseased conditions of tissue formerly classed with 
fungi under the name of Erineum; and a species of Torula 
attacks cotton pods after they are ripe. Tea leaves in planta- 
tions in Cachar have been said to suffer from some sort of blight, 
but in all that we have seen insects appear to be the depredators, 
although on the decaying leaves Hendersonia theicola, Cooke, 
establishes itself.f The coffee plantations of Ceylon suffer from 
the depredations of Hemilica vastatrix, as well.as from insects.§ 
Other useful plants have also their enemies in parasitic fungi. 
Olive-trees in the south of Europe suffer from the attacks of a 
species of Anfennaria, as do also orange and lemon trees from a 
Capnodium, which covers the foliage as if with a coating of soot. 
In fact most useful plants appear to have some enemy to contend 
with, and it is fortunate, not only for the plant, but its cultiva- 
* ©. H. Peck, ‘On the Black Kat,” in ‘‘ Quekett Microscopical Journal,” 
vol. iii, p. 82. 
+ Cooke, ‘ Microscopic Fungi,” p. 177. 
t “ Grevillea,”’ i. p. 90. 
§ ‘‘ Gardener's Chronicle,” 1873. 
