234 FUNGI. 
lateral stem, or scarcely any stem at all. It may be remarked, 
that some species which spring from the soil delight most in 
the shelter of particular trees. The Agarics of a becch wood will 
materially differ largcly from those in an oak wood, and both will 
differ from those which spring up beneath coniferous trees. 
It may be accepted as true of the largest proportion of terres- 
trial species, that if they do not spring directly from rotten 
leaves, and vegetable débris in the last stage of decay, the 
soil will be rich in vegetable humus. A few only occur on 
sandy spots. The genus A/arasmius is much addicted to dead 
leaves ; Russula, to open places in woods, springing immediately 
from the soil. JZactarius prefers trccs, and when found in 
exposed situations, occurs mostly under the shadow of trees.* 
Cantharellus, again, is a woodland genus, many of the species 
loving to grow amongst grass or moss, and some as parasites on 
she latter. Coprinus is not a genus much addicted to woods, but 
is rather peculiar in its attachment to man—if such expression, 
or one even implying domesticity, might be employed—farm- 
yards, gardens, dunghills, the base of old gateposts and railings, 
in cellars, on plaster walls, and even on old damp carpets. 
Hygrophorus loves “ the open,” whether pastures, lawns, heaths, 
commons, or up the slopes of mountains, nearly to the top of the 
highest found in Great Britain. Cortinarius seems to have a 
preference for woods, whilst Bolbitius affects dung, or a rich 
soil. Lentinus, Panus, Lenzites, and Schizophyllum all grow on 
wood. Coming to the subgenera of Agaricus, we find Pleurotus, 
Crepidotus, Pluteus, Collybia, Pholiota, Flammula, Hypholoma, 
and some species of Psathyra growing on wood, old stumps, or 
charcoal ; Amanita, Tricholoma, and Hebeloma most attached to 
woods; Clitocybe and Mycena chiefly amongst lcaves; Nolanea 
amongst grass; Omphalia and Galera chiefly in swampy places; 
Lepiota, Leptonia, Psalliota, Stropharia, Psilocybe, and Psathyrella 
mostly in open places and pastures; Deconica and Pancolus 
mostly on dung; Hntoloma and Clitopilus chicfly terrestrial, and 
the rest variable. 
* These predilections must be accepted as general, to which there will be 
exceptions. 
