244 FUNGI. 
its living green parts. Of these may be named .Eecidium urlicw 
and Peronospora urtice, as well as two species described by 
Desmaziéres as Fusisporium urtice and Septoria urtice. Hence 
it will be seen how large a number of fungi may attach them- 
selves to one herbaceous plant, sometimes whilst living, but most 
extensively when dead. This is by no means a solitary instance, 
but a type of what takes place in many others. If, on the other 
hand, we select such a tree as the common lime, we shall find 
that the leaves, twigs, branches, and wood bear, according to 
M. Westendorp,* no less than seventy-four species of fungi, and 
of these eleven occur on the leaves. The spruce fir, according to 
the same authority, nourishes one hundred and fourteen species, 
and the oak not less than two hundred. 
It is curious to note how fungi are parasitic upon each other 
in some instances, as in that of /7ypomyces, characteristic of the 
genus, in which spheriaceous fungi make hosts of dead Laclarii, 
&c. We have already alluded to Nyctalis, growing on decayed 
Russule@, to Boletus parasiticus, flourishing on old Scleroderma, 
and to Agaricus Loveianus, on the pileus of Agaricus nebularis. 
To these we may add Turrubia ophioglossoides and T. capitata, 
which flourish on decaying Elaphomyces, Stilbum tomentosum on 
old Trichia, Peziza Clavariarum on dead Clavaria, and many 
others, the mere enumeration of which would scarcely prove 
interesting. A very curious little parasite was found by Messrs. 
Berkeley and Broome, and named by them Hypoerea inclusa, 
which makes itself a home in the interior of truffles. Mucors 
and moulds flourish on dead and decaying Agaries, and other 
fleshy forms, in great luxuriance and profusion. Mucor ramosus 
is common on Boletus luridus, and Syzygites megalocarpus on 
Agarics, as well as Acrostalagmus cinnabarinus. A very curious 
little parasite, Echinobotryum atrum, occurs like minute nodules 
on the flocci of black moulds. Bactridium Helvelle usurps the 
fructifying disc of species of Peziza. A small Sphinctrina is 
found both in Britain and the United States on old Polypori. 
In Spheria nigerrima, Nectria epispheria, and two or three 
* Westendorp, ‘‘ Les Cryptogams aprés leurs stations nature'les,” 1865. 
