388 VEGETABLE FORCING 
Fig. 132.—Well-protected wooden coldframes. 
Atlantic coast states, whence shipments are made in car- 
load lots. The industry has attained a high degree of per- 
fection near Norfolk, where there is a special frame- 
growers’ association. Thousands of sash are used in 
Philadelphia County, Pa. Rather unusual development 
of frame forcing has occurred in the northern part of New 
Jersey. For example, there are about 150,000 sash within 
an area of one square mile near Richfield, N. J. Market 
gardeners and truckers throughout the country employ 
hotbeds and coldframes to a great extent for the forcing 
of vegetables. 
Location of frames.—The frames should be located 
near the buildings where the tools and supplies are kept. 
There should be an ample supply of water with pipe out- 
lets at convenient intervals. Protection of some kind, as 
afforded by buildings, board fences, hedges or woods, is 
necessary. Fig. 132 shows an ideal arrangement, the 
shed nearby being convenient for the storage of sash, 
manure, sand and supplies. 
Construction of frames.—\Vhen frames are used on a 
very large scale, they are usually portable or temporary. 
They may be put up in sections, as shown in Fig. 132, 
when it is possible to remove and store them in any 
