LAKE ONEGA. 468 
the steppes in the vicinity of Odessa, The trees which I 
saw were chiefly the pine (pinus sylvestris), and the fir 
(abies excelsor); but from another forest official, from 
whom also I derived much valuable information, I learned 
that in the forests beyond there were also to be found the 
Norwegian maple, the lime, the elm, the juniper, and 
other kinds of trees, the juniper attaining to an arborescent 
.81ze, very different from the juniper bush of Britain. 
Finding it difficult to thread our way through the close 
growing trees, I asked how a forester found his way when 
lost in the wood. The reply was, ‘The conifere are on 
the north side of the trunk more or less densely covered 
with lichens, and thus we know in what direction to go,’ 
Lake Onega may be considered a basin of the Vodla, 
the principal river flowing into it, while the outlet is by 
the Svir. Its water is clear, and abounds in fish, The 
bases of the islands, of which it contains several, are lime- 
stone. It is by the Vodla and Mariienskai water-course 
that it is connected with the Volga, while by the Svir it 
-is connected with Lake Ladoga, the Neva, and the Baltic, 
into which river flows also the Oiat, which rises in the 
Government of Olonetz, and, entering that of St. Peters- 
burg, it joins the Svir on the left bank, after a course of 92 
miles. The Vodla flows from a lake bearing the same 
name, 26 miles long from north to south, and 14 miles in 
breadth, to the N.N.E. of Pudoj, or Pudoscha, a town with 
a population of 1200 inhabitants, situated about 65 miles 
east of Petrozavodsk. Flowing first in a 8.S.E., and then 
in a S.S.W. direction, it falls into Lake Onega after a course 
of about 100 miles. 
From Vosnisenya I sailed to Petrozavodsk. Lake 
- Onega measures about 220 versts, about 150 miles in 
length, and about. 75 versts, or 50 miles, in breadth. 
Petrozavodsk is situated on the western shore of the lake. 
"Ehe town dates from 1701, when Peter the Great. estab- 
lished works there for casting cannon. These: were 
